纯电动船舶设备选型方案设计毕业论文
2021-04-06 21:58:48
摘 要
随着船舶行业的迅速发展以及国际海事组织对船舶排放的要求越来越严格,纯电动船舶应运而生,当然这离不开自新能源(电动)汽车行业的发展。所谓的纯电动船舶即船舶的动力来源于蓄电池而不是传统意义上的内燃机发电,但是纯电动船舶系统包括发电、配电、推进等系统。所以便会有各种种类和数量的船舶设备,如何选出各类设备中最好的那一个以及如何确定整个系统的最优解就是本文所要解决的内容,当然在选型后还要对相应的选型结果进行评价以及优化。
本文以纯电动船舶的发展近况以及纯电动船舶的设备组成为背景,以数据库的建立为基础对纯电动船舶设备进行选型设计,选型结束后基于分类技术通过建立“决策树”分类模型来对选型结果进行评价优化.具体研究内容如下:
(1)按照用户的需求以及选型原则,在需要的各种设备以及系统数据的基础上对设备进行选型方案设计,主要包括:蓄电池组的选型、推进设备选型、主控设备选型以及HMI设备选型。将每类设备中符合条件的设备组成整个系统的最优解即可完成选型方案的设计。
(2)纯电动船舶数据库的建立。将所有的设备分类、属于哪一个舱室以及设备之间的距离信息分别建立数据库,并给出各数据库间的相互关系(数据库接口)。
(3)纯电动船舶设备选型程序框架和路线。以数据库的建立和选型方案的设计为基础,给出选型的路线即选型过程是如何操作的,其中包含用户的操作以及系统内部的操作。简单给出设备选型的程序框架,为以后软件的开发做铺垫。
(4)选型结束后要对选型的方案做出评价,按一定的原则评价出优、良、中、差等。本文采用的是基于分类技术建立“决策树”模型的评价方法,模型建好后就能按照一定的流程去评价选型的结果。优化方面本文是以多目标选型问题为例来进行优化,目的是促使选型高效化进行。
本文从纯电动船舶选型方案的现状谈起,对纯电动船舶设备选型设计以及软件的开发提供了理论基础,对纯电动船舶的经济性、安全性和高效性发挥着重要的意义。
关键字:纯电动船舶;选型方案;数据库;评价;优化
Abstract
With the rapid development of the shipping industry and the increasingly stringent requirements of the International Maritime Organization on ship emissions, pure electric ships emerge as the times require. Of course, this is inseparable from the development of the new energy (electric) automobile industry. The so-called pure electric ship is that the power of the ship comes from the battery rather than the traditional internal combustion engine, but the pure electric ship is the system, which includes power generation, distribution, propulsion and so on. So there will be a variety of types and quantities of ship equipment, how to select the best of all kinds of equipment and how to determine the optimal solution of the whole system is the content of this paper to solve. Of course, after the selection of the corresponding type selection results will be evaluated and optimized.
Based on the development of pure electric ship and the equipment composition of pure electric ship, this paper designs the equipment selection of pure electric ship based on the establishment of database. After the selection, it evaluates and optimizes the selection result by establishing the classification model of "decision tree" based on classification technology. The details are as follows :
- According to the user's needs and selection principles, the equipment selection scheme is designed on the basis of all kinds of equipment and system data, mainly including battery selection, propulsion model selection, main control model selection and HMI model selection. The optimal solution of the whole system can be achieved by composing the qualified equipment in each type of equipment.
- Establishment of database for pure electric Ship. The database is established by classifying all the equipments, which cabin they belong to and the distance information between the equipments, and the relationship among the databases (database interface) is given.
- Framework and route of pure electric ship equipment selection program. Based on the establishment of database and the design of type selection scheme, the route of type selection, i. e. how to operate the process of type selection, is given, which includes user's operation and operation inside the system. The program framework of equipment selection is simply given, which paves the way for future software development.
- At the end of the selection, we should evaluate the selection scheme and evaluate the excellent, good, medium and poor according to certain principles. This paper adopts the evaluation method of establishing "decision tree" model based on classification technology. After the model is built, the result of type selection can be evaluated according to a certain process. In the aspect of optimization, this paper takes the multi-objective selection problem as an example to optimize, aiming at promoting the efficient selection.
Starting from the current situation of the pure electric ship type selection scheme, this paper, provides a theoretical basis for the equipment type selection design and software development of the pure electric ship, and plays an important role in the economy, safety and efficiency of the pure electric ship.
Key words: pure electric ship; selection scheme; database; evaluation; optimization
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1课题研究背景及意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状 2
1.3本课题研究内容及技术路线 3
1.3.1 研究内容 3
1.3.2 技术路线 4
第2章 纯电动船舶设备的组成 8
2.1纯电动船舶动力电池系统 8
2.2纯电动船舶的推进系统 9
2.3纯电动船舶自动化系统 10
第3章 纯电动船舶选型方案以及数据库建立 11
3.1纯电动船舶选型方案综述 11
3.2纯电动船舶选型方案管理 12
3.2.1设备基础数据的管理 12
3.2.2纯电动船舶选型设备分类 13
3.2.3纯电动船舶选型规则 14
3.3选型方案的生成 15
3.3.1蓄电池组选型设计 15
3.3.2推进设备选型设计 15
3.3.3主控设备选型设计 16
3.3.4 HMI设备选型设计 18
3.3.5匹配方案的形成 20
3.4纯电动船舶选型数据库的建立 20
3.4.1数据库的简述 20
3.4.2数据库表名清单 21
3.4.3数据库表清单 22
3.4.4数据字典表清单 29
第4章 纯电动船舶设备选型程序框架和评价 32
4.1 纯电动船舶设备选型程序框架和路线 32
4.1.1 纯电动船舶设备选型路线 32
4.1.2 纯电动船舶设备选型程序框架 32
4.2 纯电动船舶设备选型评价方法和优化 34
4.2.1 基于分类技术的选型评价方法 34
4.2.2 纯电动船舶选型方案的优化 37
第5章 结论 39
5.1 本文的总结 39
5.2 本文的展望 40
致谢 41
参考文献 42
第1章 绪论
1.1课题研究背景及意义
随着社会经济的迅速发展,以柴油机、电动机作为动力源的船舶或者车辆等各种交通工具以发展为社会的主流,这些都需要化石燃料的支持,化石燃料的燃烧会释放大量的有害气体,也易引起国际间的矛盾[1-3]。同时化石燃料的燃烧会引起全球变暖等各种环境问题。在汽车等陆用交通工具方面开始出现了很多新能源汽车,比如以蓄电池为动力源的电动汽车,虽然动力提供方面不如传统能源,但已基本满族人们的日常出行,而且不用担心油价等问题。与此同时在海运方面,为了响应国际海事组织的号召,也逐渐出现新能源船舶,用蓄电池组来代替传统的柴油机组提供能源[4]。当然电动汽车的出现和实用比电动船舶早一段时间,但是他们之间构想的提出差不多是同步的,由于船舶的可操作性低于汽车,所以电动船舶的出现稍微晚了点。 纯电动船舶包含发电、配电、推进系统,所以它耗费了我们大量的时间去探索、选型,找到最适合电动船舶发展的路线和方法。
如图1.1为传统船舶配电简图。传统船舶一般是由多个柴油机发电组供电(其中有一个为备用柴油机组),经过配电板、变压器等分别给其他电机和船用负载配电[5]。当然还有其他配电方式,我们谨以此为例。