摘 要

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 研究的背景与意义 1

1.2.1 船舶行业现状 1

1.2.2 船舶带来严重的环境污染 2

1.3 国内外生命周期评价应用综述 2

第2章 代用燃料的发展现状与趋势 4

2.1 引言 4

2.2 代用燃料的国内外发展现状 4

2.2.1 天然气燃料 5

2.3 代用燃料的发展趋势 5

第3章 全生命周期（LCA） 6

3.1 全生命周期的概念 6

3.2 全生命周期的发展历程 6

3.3 全生命周期主要内容 6

3.4 全生命周期的特点 7

第4章 GREET-2011的介绍综述 8

4.1 GREET软件的介绍 8

4.2 GREET软件的特点 9

4.3 GREET模型评价 9

4.3.1 系统界定 9

4.3.2 清单分析 10

4.3.3 结果解释 10

4.3.4 总结分析 10

第5章 船舶代用燃料的建模分析和数据处理 11

5.1 代用燃料的选择 11

5.2 CNG作为船舶代用燃料的经济性评估 11

5.3 CNG船舶柴油机代用燃料的能耗与排放评估 12

5.3.1 参数设定 12

5.3.2 输出数据 12

5.4 结果分析 16

第6章 总结与展望 24

6.1 总结 24

6.2 展望 24

参考文献 26

致谢 27

摘要

如今在全世界的经济发展中，一切的动力源泉是能源，目前人类还主要依靠石油生存，但是随着石油的有限，在逐年的降低，再加上人们追求环保意识，所以人们不再将依赖的眼光放在石油上面，而是通过发展节约环保新能源来促进社会的发展。都知道石油是各个国家生存的必需品，但是随着这些燃料的燃烧，就造成了社会环境不容乐观。所以仅仅从环保的角度上面讲，就应该追求低污染、耗能低的船舶燃料来代替化石燃料。从而保证环境和经济的可持续的发展。为了能够实现这一举措，我国正加紧进行相应的制定措施来解决这些矛盾和问题。

如果要想用可靠的船舶燃料进行替代，必然要在实行之前对燃料有一个清醒的认识。要做出科学有效的决策，不能得到够适得其反的效果。如今，能够对对一件产品的整个周期中能够对环境所造成的影响进行评估是非常重要的，这就需要通过专业的设备进行检测，可以通过生命周期建模理论来施行。这也是国外常见的检测手段之一，行之有效。

以天然气生产压缩天然气作为船舶代用燃料并对其全生命周期为研究对象，通过和柴油总成本、能耗水平、排放指标等的对比分析，得出天然气生产压缩天然气代用燃料的排放指标好于基础链系统，能耗水平高于基础链系统。通过GREET软件对压缩天然气2016-2019年的能耗数据得出以其生命周期内的能耗相对少、总成本相对最低、对生态环境更友好，预测富含天然气地区相当长一段时期内压缩天然气为代用燃料的优先选择的结论。本研究为压缩天然气在能源结构的改变上提供了依据。

关键词：船舶代用燃料；生命周期建模；GREET软件；能耗评估

Abstract

Now in the economic development of the whole world, all of the power source is the energy, at present, the humanity also rely mainly on oil survival, but with Oil Co., in decreasing year by year, together with the people the pursuit of environmental protection consciousness, so people will no longer rely on the vision put on the top of the oil, but through the development of save new energy of environmental protection in order to promote the social development. All know that oil is a necessity for the survival of various countries, but with the burning of these fuels, it caused the social environment is not optimistic. So from the point of view of environmental protection, it should be the pursuit of low pollution, low energy consumption of fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels. So as to ensure the sustainable development of environment and economy. In order to achieve this measure, China is stepping up the corresponding measures to solve these contradictions and problems.

If you want to use a reliable alternative to the ship's fuel, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the fuel before the implementation of the. To make scientific and effective decision-making, can not get enough of the opposite effect. Now, to the entire cycle of a product can be on the environment caused by the influence of evaluation is very important, this needs through professional equipment can be detected by the modeling theory of the life cycle to execute. It is one of the common testing methods in foreign countries.

In the production of natural gas, compressed natural gas as alternative fuel and the ship life cycle as the research object, and through the diesel / diesel engine chain system life cycle cost, energy consumption and emission index of comparative analysis, the production of natural gas, compressed natural gas generation by fuel emissions targets on the basis of good chain system that is higher than the level of energy consumption based chain system by GREET software. The energy consumption data of the compressed natural gas 2016-2019 years to draw energy consumption during its life cycle is relatively small, the total cost is relatively low, more friendly to the ecological environment, prediction of gas rich area for a long period of time compressed natural gas as the first choice of alternative fuel results. This study for compressed natural gas in the energy structure change provides a basis.

Keywords: ship alternativefuel；life-cycle modeling; GREET;evaluation

第1章 绪论

1.1 引言