论文总字数：24793字

摘 要

船舶轴系，是指在推进装置中,从船舶主机输出轴法兰到螺旋桨，其间以传动轴为主的一整套设备组成的传动系统。其作用是将主机的动力矩传给螺旋桨，以克服其在水中的阻力矩，同时将螺旋桨产生的推力传递给船体，克服航行时的阻力。船舶轴系在整个船舶结构中的意义不言而喻。船舶轴系在主机的动力矩作用下，会不断产生振动。长时间、大幅度的振动会对船体逐渐造成损害，并且会产生大量噪音。这种噪音不仅会损害船员的身心健康，还会对海洋产生噪声污染，如果是军用战舰或者潜艇，对船舶的隐蔽性也会产生不利影响。因此与船舶轴系减振相关的研究，有助于深入了解船舶轴系振动特性与减振设备对船舶轴系影响的作用效果与规律。具有一定的理论意义和实际工程应用价值。

本文先介绍了国内外对船舶轴系减振的具体研究和研究进度。接着使用Ansys APDL有限元分析软件，对船舶轴系、轴系基座及附近艇体结构进行简化后的3D仿真模型作图，并对该模型进行属性分配和有限元网格划分等处理。接着对该船体结构模型进行模态分析，得到船舶轴系、轴系基座及附近艇体的固有频率特性。然后再对此部分艇体进行谐响应分析，得到该轴系在不同频率下的振动响应，并分析其规律。在此过程中详细介绍了利用Ansys软件进行此类研究时的具体应用步骤和具体操作。再用Ansys模拟施加减振装置和减振手段后的船舶轴系及附近艇体，得到相同结构的轴系在不同频率下的振动响应变化。通过对比施加减振装置前后的船舶轴系谐响应分析结果，来验证减振装置对船舶轴系振动是否具有实际减振效果。

关键词：Ansys；APDL；船舶轴系；模态；谐响应；轴系减振

Abstract

Ship shafting refers to the transmission system composed of a complete set of equipment in the propulsion device, from the main engine output shaft flange to the propeller, in which the transmission shaft is the main part. Its function is to transmit the dynamic moment of the main engine to the propeller, so as to overcome its resistance moment in the water. At the same time, it transmits the thrust generated by the propeller to the hull, so as to overcome the resistance during navigation. The significance of ship shafting in the whole ship structure is self-evident. Under the action of the dynamic moment of the main engine, the shafting of the ship will continuously produce vibration. Long time and large amplitude vibration will gradually damage the hull and generate a lot of noise. This kind of noise will not only damage the physical and mental health of the crew, but also cause noise pollution to the sea. If it is a military warship or submarine, it will also have a negative impact on the concealment of the ship.Therefore, the research on vibration reduction of ship shafting is helpful to understand the vibration characteristics of ship shafting and the effect and law of vibration reduction equipment on ship shafting. It has certain theoretical significance and practical engineering application value.

This paper first introduces the specific research and progress of vibration reduction of ship shafting at home and abroad. Then, using ANSYS APDL finite element analysis software, the simplified 3D simulation model of ship shafting, shafting base and nearby hull structure is drawn, and the model is processed by attribute assignment and finite element mesh generation. Then the modal analysis of the hull structure model is carried out, and the natural frequency characteristics of the ship shafting, the shafting base and the adjacent hull are obtained. Then, the harmonic response analysis of this part of the hull is carried out, and the vibration response of the shafting at different frequencies is obtained, and its law is analyzed. In this process, the specific application steps and operation of this kind of research using ANSYS software are introduced in detail. Then ANSYS is used to simulate the vibration response of the shafting and the adjacent hull after applying the damping device and means. By comparing the results of harmonic response analysis of ship shafting before and after the application of damping device, we can verify whether the damping device has actual damping effect on ship shafting vibration.

Key words：Ansys;APDL;Ship shafting;mode;harmonic response;shafting vibration reduction

目录

摘 要 3

Abstract 4

目录 5

第1章 绪论 7

1.1 研究背景 7

1.1.1 国外研究 7

1.1.2 国内研究 8

1.1.3 船舶轴系振动形式及减振方法 9

1.2 研究目的和意义 10

1.3 本章小结 10

第2章 船舶轴系及艉部相关艇体的有限元建模 11

2.1 APDL软件介绍 11

2.2 船舶轴系及支撑基座部分结构建模 12

2.2.1船舶轴系数据整理及结构简化 12

2.2.2船舶轴系及基座建模 14

2.3 本章小结 17

第3章 无隔振器状态下的有限元分析 18

3.1 分析前自由度约束 18

3.2模态分析 18

3.3谐响应分析 22

3.4 本章小结 25

第4章 设置隔振装置状态下的有限元分析 27

4.1 隔振装置 27

4.2谐响应分析 27

4.3减振前后对比 31

4.4 本章小结 32

第5章 结论及展望 33

5.1 结论 33

5.2 展望 33

参考文献 35

致谢 37

第1章 绪论

1.1 研究背景

船舶轴系是船舶动力装置的基本组成部分。船舶在航行过程中，在船内外激励力的作用下，整个船体内外的不同部分会产生不同程度的振动。在同一系统中，如果外部激励频率与系统的固有频率一致，就会引起系统的共振。对于船舶大功率主机，即使轴系及主机不处于共振状态，随着激励的增大，也会产生剧烈的强迫振动，并在一定程度上影响船舶的航行，降低动力的传递效率。这种振动也会对船舶轴系等关键部位造成损坏^[1]。

船舶轴系的减振方法为被动控制。现在国内对于船舶轴系减振的研究还处于早中期阶段，国外的研究也相对保密。现阶段船舶上比较常用的是在自由端加装减振器或者调谐轮^[2]。减振器又包括粘性阻尼减振器和弹性扭振减振器^[3]。纵向振动的减振有橡胶减振器^[4]和集成式推力轴承减振器^[5]。轴系的最大振幅随艉部结构、艉轴架与轴承支承耦合刚度的变化而发生改变^[6]。同时，改变轴系支承长度也可以调整轴系的固有振动，避开有害共振^[7]。

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