论文总字数：31982字

摘 要

监测发动机状态的重要信息和改善发动机状态的重要信息在一般情况下都是通过内燃机示功图分析得出。船舶柴油机电子测功仪器通过对船舶柴油机运行状态的综合参数的各种维度的展示，是船舶柴油机运行状态研究分析的必备工具之一。本文通过使用LabVIEW和其他数学建模分析软件，建立了一套柴油机示功图测试分析系统。它是由多物理量测量传感器、抗干扰信号调理设备、实现数据采集功能的计算机扩展卡、计算机及采集与分析软件组成。主要对以下内容进行了研究。

（1）根据柴油机示功图测试的要求，完成了信号采集系统的硬件选型，并完成了基于LabVIEW的采集程序编写，构成了一套高效数据采集系统；

（2）完成了基于LabVIEW和MATLAB节点的示功图信号分析程序。根据实测柴油机示功图可计算爆发压力、压缩压力、膨胀压力、平均指示压力、指示功率、燃烧起始角及持续期等特征参数。同时分析程序可以曲线形式直观显示示功图、图、压升率曲线、最高爆压分布曲线、最高爆发压力角分布曲线、缸内温度曲线、放热率曲线、累积放热率曲线、累积放热量曲线；

（3）以Z6170LC-1柴油机为原型机多次开展了示功图电子测功分析试验，验证了示功图电子测功分析仪器的功能、精度、鲁棒性和可靠性，测试分析系统性能优异、功能齐全，为监测柴油机在正常或非正常工况下的的运行状态提供了测试技术手段和分析技术手段，达到了准确测试分析示功图的技术要求。

关键词：柴油机；示功图；LabVIEW；数据采集

ABSTRACT

In general, the important information of monitoring engine status and improving engine status are obtained through the analysis of indicator diagram of internal combustion engine. The electronic dynamometer of marine diesel engine is one of the necessary tools for the research and analysis of the operation state of marine diesel engine through the display of various dimensions of the comprehensive parameters of the operation state of marine diesel engine. In this paper, by using LabVIEW and other mathematical modeling analysis software, a set of diesel engine indicator diagram test and analysis system is established. It is composed of multi physical measurement sensor, anti-interference signal conditioning equipment, computer expansion card, computer and acquisition and analysis software. The main contents are as follows.

(1) According to the requirements of the indicator diagram test of diesel engine, the hardware selection of the signal acquisition system is completed, and the acquisition program based on LabVIEW is compiled to form an efficient data acquisition system;

(2) The signal analysis program of indicator diagram based on LabVIEW and MATLAB is completed. The characteristic parameters such as burst pressure, compression pressure, expansion pressure, average indicated pressure, indicated power, combustion starting angle and duration can be calculated according to the measured indicator diagram of diesel engine. At the same time, the analysis program can display the P-V indicator diagram, P - φ diagram, pressure rise rate curve, maximum explosion pressure distribution curve, maximum explosion pressure angle distribution curve, in cylinder temperature curve, heat release rate curve, cumulative heat release rate curve and cumulative heat release curve in curve form;

(3) Taking z6170lc-1 diesel engine as the prototype engine, the electronic dynamometer analysis test of indicator diagram has been carried out for many times, which verifies the function, accuracy, robustness and reliability of the electronic dynamometer analysis instrument of indicator diagram. The test and analysis system has excellent performance and complete functions, which provides the test and analysis technical means for monitoring the operation state of diesel engine under normal or abnormal working conditions The technical requirements of accurate test and analysis of indicator diagram are given.

Keywords: diesel engine; indicator diagram; LabVIEW; data acquisition

目录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

1 绪论 1

1.1 背景 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.3 本文主要内容 4

1.4 总体方案设计 5

2 示功图测试系统硬件选型 6

2.1 数据采集原理 6

2.2 硬件选型 6

2.2.1 气缸压力传感器 7

2.2.2 电荷放大器 8

2.2.3 曲轴转角传感器 8

2.2.4 数据采集设备 9

3 示功图测试分析系统软件开发 12

3.1 软件开发平台 12

3.2 软件功能设计 12

3.2.1 数据采集模块 12

3.2.2 数据分析模块 15

3.2.3 图形生成及结果显示模块 24

3.2.4 示功图信号的分析与处理 26

3.2.5 示功图信号特征参数的提取 28

3.3 示功图分析程序流程 32

3.4 测试分析程序界面 33

4 示功图测试分析仪试验验证 36

4.1 发动机台架 36

4.2 示功图测试分析试验 36

4.2.1 1000rpm-55kW（25%负荷）工况试验 37

4.2.2 1000rpm-110kW（50%负荷）工况试验 39

4.2.3 1000rpm-165kW（75%负荷）工况试验 41

4.2.4 1000rpm-220kW（100%负荷）工况试验 43

4.2.5 试验小结 45

5 结论与展望 46

参考文献 47

致谢 50

船舶柴油机电子测功仪器开发

绪论

背景

船舶柴油机电子测功仪器的开发很大程度上能够更加具体直观的展现出柴油机运行参数的综合状态，极大方便了我们对船舶柴油机的分析研究，因此示功图测试分析仪广泛用于从发动机开发运行到维护整个生命周期内的各个阶段，如发动机测试分析、状态检测和故障诊断等[^[1]]。虚拟仪器技术以其功能强大、开发周期短、使用灵活、价格低廉的绝对优势成为测试仪器技术的发展趋势[^[2]]。因此采用虚拟仪器技术开发出功能齐全、精准可靠、便捷易用、通用性强、性价比高的示功图测试分析仪具有重要的意义。

国内外研究现状

国外研发出一大批发动机示功图测试分析产品，现介绍典型柴油机示功图测试分析仪如下：

奥地利AVL公司开发的DiTEST DPM 800（即Dynamic Pressure Measurement）不需冷却，可在发动机燃烧室内直接探测压力，甚至在长距离比赛的赛车发动机内超高温度下，也可测量。无需对发动机进行任何更改，使用集成在火化塞上的压力传感器，即可实时监测气缸内压力变化，形成压力曲线，并同步显示其他相关重要特征值。系统采用同一界面，便捷直观[^[3]]。

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