摘 要

船舶推进轴系的运转状况对于船舶航行安全具有重要意义，所以对轴系的运行状况进行有效的模拟仿真，对轴系的动态特性进行分析，才能提高船舶的生命力，保证船舶的航行安全。

本文基于虚拟样机技术，以有限元法与多体动力学为理论基础，进行ANSYS与ADAMS的联仿真，对模型轴系进行模拟仿真，并对其特性参数进行分析。

本文围绕着建立刚柔耦合模型，模态分析，模型的动力学特性进行展开，首先在ADAMS中对模型施加进行刚体仿真，然后在ADAMS中完成刚柔耦合模型的建立；最后在ADAMS/Solver中对刚柔耦合模型改变转速，改变负载，进行动力学分析，使用ADAMS/Liner与ADAMS/Vibration模块中进行扭振的分析，各章的具体内容如下：

（1）在第一章引出了本文研究的研究目的，从而说明本文的研究意义：使用ANSYS软件建立柔性体，替换ADAMS中的多刚体系统中的刚体，建立出比多刚体系统更接近实际工作情况的刚柔耦合模型进行仿真研究。

（2）第二章中介绍了作为本文建立模型的多刚体动力学理论和多柔体动力学理论，同时介绍了基于多刚体动力学理论工作的ADAMS软件和基于有限元理论的ANSYS软件，对本文的理论基础作了简要阐述。

（3）第三章中介绍了以轴系模型基本尺寸为依据，在CAD软件SOLIDWORKS中建立了几何模型，导入ADAMS中设定材料，设定约束副建立多刚体模型的具体过程，同时介绍了在有限元软件中导入几何模型进行模态分析，并生成中性文件导入ADAMS中建立刚柔耦合模型的具体操作过程，并对建立的模型进行验证，为后续的分析过程提供正确的模型基础。

（4）在第四章中本文进行了多刚体模型的动力学特性和刚柔耦合模型的动力学特性研究分析，并对结果进行对照，说明了刚柔耦合模型仿真的精确性确实优于纯刚体模型，并对不同工况对模型的受力影响进行了研究分析，之后在刚柔耦合模型上建立激励的输入和响应的输出，对模型的扭振特性进行了研究分析。

（5）在第五章中对全文的研究进行了总结，并对未来的研究做出了展望。

本文主要结论如下：

（1）刚柔耦合模型的受力情况比纯刚体模型更加接近实际。

（2）转速的改变和扭矩负载的施加，因为并没有对轴承施加竖直或其他方向上的力，所以对轴承受力情况影响不大，轴承受力的改变，主要是因为竖直或其他方向上力负载的施加。

（3）轴的扭振现象中，负载的阻力力矩激励对于扭振的影响最大，竖直方向上的激励次之，轴向激励由于耦合作用，也会对扭振有有一定影响。

关键词：有限元法；多体动力学；轴系；刚柔耦合；扭振

Abstract

The operation status of the ship's propulsion shafting system is of great significance to the safety of the ship's navigation. Therefore, the effective simulation of the shafting operation status and the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the shafting system can improve the vitality of the ship and ensure the safety of the ship's navigation.

 This paper revolves around the establishment of a rigid-flexible coupling model, modal analysis, and dynamic characteristics of the model. First of all, the rigid body simulation is applied to the model in ADAMS. the rigid-flexible coupling model is established in ADAMS，finally in ADAMS/Solver. Make dynamic analysis on the rigid-flexible coupling model with different speed, load.and the analysis of torsional vibration in the ADAMS/Liner and ADAMS/Vibration modules is performed. The specific contents of each chapter are as follows:

(1) In the first chapter, the purpose of the study of this paper is introduced and the significance of this study is explained. ANSYS software can create a flexible body to replace the rigid body in the multi-rigid body system in ADAMS.It can establish a closer to the actual work than the multi-rigid body system. The rigid-flexible coupling model of the situation is simulated.

(2) Chapter 2 introduces the theory of multi-rigid body dynamics and multi-flexible body dynamics as models for this paper. At the same time, it introduces ADAMS software based on multi-body dynamic theory and ANSYS software based on finite element theory. The theoretical basis of this article is briefly described.

(3) In the third chapter, we introduced the basic process of the shafting model, established a geometric model in the CAD software SOLIDWORKS, introduced ADAMS to set the materials, and set up the concrete process of establishing the multi-rigid body model with constraints. In the finite element software, import the geometric model for modal analysis, and generate the neutral file to import the ADAMS to establish the specific operation process of the rigid-flexible coupling model, and verify the established model to provide the correct model basis for the subsequent analysis process.

(4) In the fourth chapter, the dynamic characteristics of the multi-rigid model and the dynamic characteristics of the rigid-flexible coupling model are analyzed and compared. The results show that the accuracy of the rigid-flexible coupling model is indeed better than pure The rigid body model is studied and analyzed under different working conditions. Then the excitation input and the response output are established on the rigid-flexible coupling model. The torsional vibration characteristics of the model are studied and analyzed.

(5) In the fifth chapter, the research of the full text is summarized, and the future research is prospected.

The main conclusion of this paper is as follows:

(1) The force of rigid-flexible coupling model is closer to reality than pure rigid body model.

(2) The change of speed and the application of torque load, because it does not exert vertical or other force on the bearing, so it has little influence on the bearing force, and the bearing force changes, mainly because of vertical or other The application of force in the direction.

(3) In the torsional vibration of the shaft, the resistance torque of the load has the greatest influence on the torsional vibration, and the excitation in the vertical direction is the next, and the axial excitation that has little effect on the torsional vibration phenomenon is due to the longitudinal vibration and the torsional vibration. Coupling effects have a certain effect on torsional vibration phenomena.

目 录

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