改进光伏发电系统效率研究毕业论文
2021-03-22 23:08:57
摘 要
伴随着科技不断发展,越来越多的能源被消耗,导致能源越来越缺乏。太阳能这种新型可再生绿色能源凭借自身优势得到了快速发展,尤其在光伏发电方面。光伏发电产业和技术日新月异,各国纷纷出台各种扶持政策来支持光伏产业的发展,但在发展的同时光伏发电出现了发电效率低、成本高的弊端。
本文以改进光伏发电系统效率为目的,首先从光伏系统中的光伏电池入手,建立了光伏电池的物理模型,并基于Matlab/Simulink对光伏电池进行了仿真模拟,分析出影响光伏发电效率的相关因素。光伏发电的发电效率与最大功率点跟踪息息相关,因此本文从仿真模拟结果中分析了MPPT法的实现过程,介绍了几种常用的MPPT算法,并对这几种方法进行了分析。选取其中的扰动观察法来进行仿真模拟,以BOOST升压电路为基础构建优化仿真模型,并对仿真结果进行了分析。
最后光照强度也是影响光伏发电效率的重要因素,运用PVSYST,从北京市朝阳区和广州市天河区的年辐射量进行分析对比,提出了优化方案。
关键词:光伏阵列;最大功率点跟踪(MPPT);扰动观察法;太阳辐射
Abstract
Current technologies have been developing based on more and more consumptio-n of energy so that energy may be more and more valuable. The new renewable solar energy is under rapid development by means of its own advantages; especially the ph-otovoltaic power generation technology has been changing with each passing day an-d various supporting policies have been formulated to support the development of the photovoltaic industry all over the world; in addition, those disadvantages such as low efficiency but high cost arise for photovoltaic power generation plants.
This study is to improve the efficiency of a photovoltaic power generation syste-m from the following aspects:
- As for photovoltaic cells in a photovoltaic system, a physical model was establ-ished and simulation was carried out based on Matlab/Simulink to perform analysis o-f those related factors influencing its efficiency.
- In view of the efficiency of a photovoltaic power generation system being clos-ely related to its maximum power point tracking (MPPT), analysis was performed for performance of several common MPPT methods by means of simulated results, which were introduced and analyzed.
- The perturbation and observation method was selected for simulation and the optimization simulation model was set up based on the BOOST circuit; and the simul-ation results were analyzed.
- The light intensity as an important factor for the efficiency of a photovoltaic po-wer generation system, the comparative analysis was performed to the annual solar radiation in two cases located in Chaoyang District of Beijing and Tianhe District of Guangzhou; and an optimization scheme was put forward.
In a word, improvement of the efficiency of a photovoltaic power generation syst-emwas discussed here in from a number of perspectives and modeling and simulation were am important approach. Our method and results may be for reference for design of a better photovoltaic power generation system.
Keywords:Photovoltaic array; MPPT; perturbation and observation method; solar r-adiation
目录
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2本课题的目的及意义 1
1.2.1选题的目的 1
1.2.2选题的意义 1
1.3文献综述 2
1.3.1国内的光伏发电的发展和现状 2
1.3.2国外光伏发电的发展和现状 3
第二章 光伏发电系统概述 4
2.1光伏发电系统结构 4
2.2光伏电池 5
2.2.1光伏电池工作原理 5
2.2.2光伏电池的物理模型 6
2.3光伏电池输出特性 8
2.4本章小结 11
第三章 光伏电池最大功率点跟踪的算法 12
3.1光伏电池最大功率点跟踪(MPPT) 12
3.2光伏电池最大功率点跟踪的经典方法 13
3.2.1恒压控制法 13
3.2.2开路电压法 14
3.2.3增量电导法 14
3.3MPPT算法的选择 15
3.3.1控制算法复杂程度 15
3.3.2稳态跟踪精度 15
3.3.3动态响应速度 16
3.3.4抗干扰能力 16
3.4本章小结 16
第四章 改进光伏发电效率分析与讨论 17
4.1改进光伏发电效率方法介绍 17
4.2模型设计 18
4.2.1BOOST电路 18
4.2.2仿真模型 19
4.2.3仿真结果分析 20
4.3太阳辐射 21
4.4建筑物表面对光伏发电的影响 23
4.5本章小结 28
第五章 总结与展望 29
参考文献 30
致谢 31
第一章 绪论
1.1 研究背景
到2050年,随着全球人口的增长、能源需求的增长和发展中国家经济的快速发展,人们对于能源的需求可能翻一倍甚至三倍。地球上的所有生命都依赖于能量和循环碳,能源是经济和社会发展的关键,但同时也带来了环境的挑战[1]。
我们目前的生活在很大程度上依赖石油、煤炭、天然气、核和水动力。为了全面地解决能源问题,考虑能源的复杂性是非常重要的。任何能源,包括石油,煤炭,风能和生物质能,是一个复杂的供应链,必须将其作为一个系统,把生产和消费考虑进去,系统的所有要素都是相互联系、相互依存的。例如,油需要结合所有元素,考虑包括勘探、钻井、生产、运输、精炼、水、炼油产品和副产品、废弃物、环境影响、分配、消费、应用,最后,排放[2-3]。