摘 要

本文利用到美国Rtec摩擦磨损试验机，对含有组份包括锌（Zn）、碲（Te）、硅（Si）、铱（Ir）、锰（Mn）、镁（Mg）、铝（Al）、钙（Ca）、钠（Na）、铯（Cs）的聚四氟乙烯，进行在22.96N、28.70N、34.44N与108rpm、228rpm、248rpm两两组合的工况（总共9组）下的实验，并测定不同工况下实验240min后的磨损量与摩擦系数。根据PTFE的自润滑材料特性以及在摩擦磨损实验过程中的物理性质的变化，可以确定聚四氟乙烯的自润滑原理是：在对磨过程中，从宏观角度解释是因为产平效应——聚四氟乙烯复合材料和与之对磨材料表面的小凸起在摩擦过程中发生了严重的塑性变形而被渐渐磨平，所以在PTFE复合材料和对磨材料表面产生了转移膜，而这层转移膜就是具有自润滑性能的固体润滑膜。从微观上来解释是PTFE复合材料的表层分子在范德华力的作用下，从表层的结晶区域转移到了对磨面，在相互摩擦的表面都会形成固体润滑膜，从而达到自润滑的效果。实验结果表明本次实验的聚四氟乙烯材料在同一转速情况下，磨损率和摩擦系数都随着载荷的增大而减小，与之相同的是在同一载荷的情况下，磨损率和摩擦系数也都随着转速的增大而减小。验证了此次使用的聚四氟乙烯材料具有良好的自润滑性能

关键词：聚四氟乙烯；自润滑；摩擦磨损

Abstract

According to the United States Rtec wear test machine to contain components including zinc (Zn) and te (Te), silicon (Si), iridium (Ir), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na) and CS (Cs) PTFE, in 22.96N, 28.70N, 108rpm, 228rpm, 34.44N and 248rpm 22 combination conditions (total 9 groups) in the experiment and measurement of friction coefficient and wear experiment after 240Min under different conditions. According to the characteristics of PTFE self lubricating materials and changes in physical properties of friction and wear in the experimental process, can determine the self lubrication principle of PTFE is: in the process of grinding, explained from the macroscopic angle because the production effect of PTFE composites and small protrusions on grinding surface during the friction process the occurrence of severe plastic deformation was gradually removed, so the PTFE composite material and the grinding surface from the transfer film, the transfer layer is a solid lubricant film self-lubricating properties. The explanation is the role of PTFE composite surface molecules in Van Edward force, from the surface of the crystal region to the grinding surface, on the surface of friction will form a solid lubricating film, so as to achieve the effect of self lubrication. The experimental results show that the PTFE material at the same speed, the wear rate and the friction coefficient decreases with the increase of the load, and the same is in the same load, the wear rate and friction coefficient also decreases with the increasing of speed. It is proved that the PTFE material used in this test has good self lubrication performanceccording to the United States Rtec wear test machine to contain components including zinc (Zn) and te (Te), silicon (Si), iridium (Ir), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na) and CS (Cs) PTFE, in 22.96N, 28.70N, 108rpm, 228rpm, 34.44N and 248rpm 22 combination conditions (total 9 groups) in the experiment and measurement of friction coefficient and wear experiment after 240Min under different conditions. According to the characteristics of PTFE self lubricating materials and changes in physical properties of friction and wear in the experimental process, can determine the self lubrication principle of PTFE is: in the process of grinding, the surface effect of PTFE molecules in the van Edward force, from the surface of the crystal region to the grinding surface, on the surface of friction will form a solid lubricating film, so as to achieve the effect of self lubrication. The experimental results show that the PTFE material at the same speed, the wear rate and the friction coefficient decreases with the increase of the load, and the same is in the same load, the wear rate and friction coefficient also decreases with the increasing of speed. It is proved that the PTFE material used in this test has good self lubrication performance

Keywords: PTFE; self lubrication; friction and wear

目 录

第 1 章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.3目前存在的问题 4

1.4本文研究的主要内容 4

第 2 章 PTFE的摩擦磨损实验 5

2.1 实验材料与仪器 5

2.1.1实验方法 5

2.1.2实验材料 5

2.1.3实验仪器 6

2.2 实验过程 6

2.2.1实验仪器软件调试 6

2.2.2进行试验 10

第3章 实验结果分析 12

3.1磨损量与磨损率的分析 12

3.2摩擦系数的分析 13

第4章 结论与展望 19

4.1 结论 19

4.2 展望 19

参考文献 20

致谢 22

绪论

研究背景及意义

轴承是一个机器设备中十分关键的部位，轴承的性能是的技术性能是一个机械设备正常运行的保证，然而在一些恶劣的工况下，轴承的应用环境受到限制，但是复合材料的性能可以通过设计改进，可以把耐腐蚀，自润滑等等优良的性能集中在一起，早在先古时代，我们的祖先在泥土中参入干草用来制作房屋的墙面，以此来增强墙面的抗冲击能力，这就是最早的增强复合材料。传统的润滑材料一般是指润滑油和润滑脂，固体润滑剂则是与之完全不同的润滑剂，固体润滑剂大多数情况下以涂层，薄膜或者整体材料这样三种形式来使用，它是通过在试件运行过程中，固体润滑剂与摩擦表面发生物理或者化学反应，向摩擦面转移固体膜来生成润滑膜，以此降低两个试件之间的摩擦力。将固体润滑剂镶嵌入金属基体就是镶嵌轴承，这样组组成的轴承便具有自润滑性能，它是将金属基来承受载荷，镶嵌进去的固体润滑剂来提供润滑性能。因为金属基和固体润滑剂的选择范围都很广。所以它可制成多种多样形式的满足不同工况的轴承。因而被广泛地用于非常规或者恶劣的工况条件下。

聚四氟乙烯（Polytetrafluoroethylene，PTFE）是一种呈现白色的结晶，它是比较软的，而且是当前的聚合物材料中密度（2.1–2.3 g/cm³）最大的品种。PTFE的C原子核F原子之间是以共价键结合。结合能高达460kJ/mol，分子结构式如图1.1所示

图1.1 PTFE的分子结构式