汽车制动用空气压缩机动力学计算与分析毕业论文
2021-04-05 16:22:27
摘 要
随着国民经济的发展,汽车逐渐成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的交通工具。在汽车工业的迅猛发展的大背景下,人们对于汽车的舒适性、可靠性与安全性要求不断提高,其中人们对于汽车制动用空气压缩机这一汽车制动系统上的主要配件的要求有很大提高。空压机工作过程中产生的噪音与振动主要来源于曲轴,曲轴的性能直接影响整个空压机的使用。因此,对曲轴的动态特性进行分析具有十分重要的现实意义。本文通过多体动力学仿真与有限元分析对空压机曲轴进行了仿真分析。
本文首先通过 MATLAB 软件研究了空压机曲柄连杆系的运动规律和气缸内气体压力变化规律。通过 MATLAB 软件对空压机活塞的运动规律和活塞所受气体压力规律进行编程设计,获得了相应运动规律的图像与样条数据用于进一步的多体动力学建模仿真。
其次,通过 Hypermesh 软件对空压机曲轴进行处理,获得了柔性化的曲轴模型,随后在 ADAMS 软件中建立了空压机曲柄连杆系的刚柔混合多体动力学模型。对刚柔混合多体动力学模型进行模拟仿真后获得了曲轴轴颈处受力等曲轴关键位置动力学数据结果。对结果进行分析以验证所建立多体动力学模型的准确性,并将结果输出,为下一步的仿真分析做准备。
最后,利用多体动力学仿真所得到的动态载荷数据,通过 Hypermesh 软件和相应的后处理软件 Hyperview 进行空压机曲轴的模态分析和瞬态动力学分析,获得曲轴的固有震动频率和危险应力位置及大小等数据。分析后得出结果,曲轴应力最大处在曲柄销与主轴颈连接处,最大应力约为54MPa;曲轴的固有频率与工作频率差距较大,产生共振的可能性较小。并根据分析结果有针对性地提出优化建议。
关键词:汽车空压机 曲轴 多体动力学 瞬态动力学
Abstract
With the development of the national economy, cars have gradually become an indispensable means of transportation in people's daily lives. In the context of the rapid development of the automotive industry, people are increasingly demanding the comfort, reliability and safety of automobiles. Among them, the requirements for the main components of the automotive brake system for automotive brake air compressors are greatly improved. The noise and vibration generated during the operation of the air compressor are mainly derived from the crankshaft, and the performance of the crankshaft directly affects the use of the entire air compressor. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the crankshaft. In this paper, the multi-body dynamics simulation and finite element analysis are used to simulate the air compressor crankshaft.
In this paper, firstly, the motion law of the crank-link system of the air compressor and the gas pressure change in the cylinder are studied by MATLAB software. The MATLAB software is used to program the motion law of the piston of the air compressor and the gas pressure law of the piston. The image and spline data of the corresponding motion law are obtained for further multi-body dynamics modeling and simulation.
Secondly, the crankshaft model of the air compressor was processed by Hypermesh software, and the flexible crankshaft model was obtained. Then the rigid-flexible multi-body dynamics model of the crank-link system of the air compressor was established in the ADAMS software. The simulation results of the rigid-flexible multi-body dynamics model included the dynamic data of the critical position of the crankshaft at the crankshaft journal. Analyze the results to verify the accuracy of the established multibody dynamics model and output the results to prepare for further simulation and analysis
At last, using the dynamic load data obtained by multi-body dynamics simulation, the modal analysis and transient dynamics analysis of the air compressor crankshaft are performed by Hypermesh software and the post-processing software Hyperview to obtain the natural vibration frequency and dangerous position of the crankshaft where large stress is put on. After analysis, it can be concluded that the position where the crankshaft can be damaged is at the joint between the crank pin and the main journal. The maximum stress is about 54 MPa. The natural frequency of the crankshaft is far from the working frequency, and it is unlikely that the crankshaft resonance happens while working. And targeted optimization recommendations based on the analysis results.
Key Words: Automobile Air Compresssor, Crankshaft, Multi-body Dynamics, Transient dynamics
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.3 软件介绍 4
1.4 本文主要研究内容 5
第2章 车用空压机工作原理和运动学分析 6
2.1 车用空压机结构及工作原理 6
2.2 曲柄连杆机构的运动学与空压机动力学分析 7
2.3 基于 MATLAB 的活塞运动规律与受力计算 10
2.4 本章小结 13
第3章 曲轴连杆系多体动力学分析 14
3.1 曲柄连杆机构的动力分析 14
3.2 曲柄连杆系刚柔混合多体动力学建模 18
3.3 曲轴连杆系刚柔混合多体动力学仿真分析 27
3.4 本章小结 31
第4章 曲轴的动态响应分析 32
4.1 曲轴模态分析 32
4.2 曲轴瞬态动力响应分析 36
4.3 本章总结 41
第5章 总结与展望 42
5.1 全文总结 42
5.2 研究展望 42
致谢 43
参考文献 44
附录...........................................................46
绪论
研究背景与意义
随着国民经济的发展,汽车逐渐成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的交通工具。近年来,我国的汽车产业发展迅猛,公安部交通管理局2018年7月16日发布,截至6月底,全国机动车保有量达3.19亿辆。载货汽车保有量达2470万辆,2018年上半年新注册登记载货汽车达172万辆,明显高于去年同期156万辆的登记量,为历史最高水平。在汽车工业的迅猛发展的大背景下,人们对于汽车的舒适性、可靠性与安全性要求不断提高,其中人们对于汽车制动用空气压缩机这一汽车尤其是商用车制动系统上用到的主要配件的需求量急剧增加,并且对其可靠性和安全性要求也有很大提高。空压机工作时会产生一定程度的振动和并发出噪声,这会影响人们的身心健康,污染环境。因此为了满足日常使用中的可靠性、安全性的需要,有必要对空压机进行相应的动态分析。
空气压缩机(以下简称空压机)是用来压缩空气以来获得高压力压缩气体,并且将压缩空气储存、输送并运用到相应需要位置的机械。空压机广泛应用与日常的生产生活之中。在汽车行业中,空压机主要用于制动车辆,主要用于货车、客车等商用车的气压制动系统中。空压机产生的高压压缩气体储存在储气筒中,在适当时刻为汽车的制动和相关用气装置提供所需要的高压空气。