论文总字数：24311字

摘 要

我国对城市垃圾大都采用填埋的方式处理，因而我国垃圾填埋气的数量十分庞大。垃圾填埋气资源化利用有着巨大的潜力，如果能充分的利用这些垃圾填埋气，不仅能获得化工原料、减少环境的污染，更能促进我国能源结构的优化。总的来说对于垃圾填埋气的净化利用是一项经济可行且对环境有益的技术。

本文提出了一种通过外加氢气进行合成气调比的垃圾填埋气制甲醇的工艺技术（Landfill Gas-to-Methanol，LFGTM）。该项工艺主要是通过外加氢气来调节合成气的比例，补足工艺中CO₂和CO加氢生成甲醇所需的氢气。该项甲醇制造工艺技术不仅能产出优质甲醇产品，还能降低CO₂的排放，减少环境受到的污染。

为了对该项工艺的经济可行性进行分析，本文采用净现值（NPV）、动态回收期（DPBP）、内部收益率（IRR）这三个关键经济性评价指标来判断该方案的经济可行性，同时也研究了循环比、甲醇价格、CO₂价格、氢气价格、资本性支出（CAPEX）、公用工程费用（Utility）以及工厂规模等因素对工艺过程经济性的影响。研究表明：在 0.6，0.7，0.8，0.9，0.95这五个循环比中，0.8 为最佳循环比。灵敏度分析结果显示甲醇价格、CAPEX、CO₂ 价格、氢气价格都是较为敏感的因素，而公用工程费用对该项工艺的经济效益影响十分有限。随着甲醇价格、CO₂ 价格的升高，该项工艺的 IRR呈递增趋势，而随着 CAPEX、CO₂ 价格的提高则呈递减趋势。此外根据规模经济理论以及本文的研究，该项工艺的内部收益率会随着工厂规模的扩大而增加。

关键词：垃圾填埋气 外加氢 甲醇

Technical and economic analysis of landfill gas-to-methanol process based on syngas adjustment ratio with external hydrogen

Abstract

The treatment of urban waste in China is mostly in the form of landfill, so the amount of landfill gas in China is very large. The utilization of landfill gas has great potential. If these landfill gas can be fully utilized, it can not only obtain chemical raw materials, reduce environmental pollution, but also promote the optimization of China's energy structure. In general, the purification and utilization of landfill gas is an economically feasible and environmentally friendly technology.

This paper proposes a process technology for the production of methanol from landfill gas ( LFGTM) using external hydrogen for syngas adjustment. This process is mainly to supplement the amount of CO₂ and CO required in the process by adding hydrogen, so that the production of methanol can proceed smoothly. This methanol manufacturing process technology can not only produce high-quality methanol raw materials, but also reduce CO₂ emissions and reduce environmental pollution.

In order to analyze the economic feasibility of the process, this paper uses three key economic evaluation indicators, namely net present value (NPV), dynamic payback period (DPBP), and internal rate of return (IRR), to determine the feasibility of the program At the same time, the effects of cycle ratio, methanol price, CO₂ price, hydrogen price, capital expenditure (CAPEX), utility cost (Utility), and plant size on the economics of the process were also studied. The research shows that among the five cycle ratios of 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 0.95, 0.8 is the best cycle ratio. Sensitivity analysis results show that methanol price, CAPEX, CO₂ price, and hydrogen price are all relatively sensitive factors, and the impact of public works costs on the economic benefits of the process is very limited. With the increase of methanol price and CO₂ price, the IRR of this process shows an increasing trend, while with the increase of CAPEX and CO₂ prices, it shows a decreasing trend. In addition, according to the theory of economies of scale and the research in this paper, the internal rate of return of the process will increase with the expansion of the plant scale.

Key words: Landfill；Gas hydrogenation；Methanol

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1课题的研究背景与意义 1

1.2垃圾填埋气的产生特点 3

1.2.1垃圾填埋气的降解过程 3

1.2.2垃圾填埋气的组成 5

1.2.3影响垃圾填埋气产生的因素 5

1.3 垃圾填埋气的潜在危害 6

1.4国内外垃圾填埋气利用现状 7

1.5垃圾填埋气利用途径 8

1.5.1垃圾填埋气发电 8

1.5.2垃圾填埋气制取液化天然气和化工原料 9

1.5.3垃圾填埋气用于制备汽车燃料 9

1.5.4垃圾填埋气直接燃烧 10

1.6甲醇制造技术的发展 10

1.6.1传统甲醇生产工艺 10

1.6.2二氧化碳加氢制甲醇技术进展 11

1.6.3甲烷氧化制甲醇技术进展 11

1.6.4生物质制甲醇技术进展 12

1.7本文研究的主要内容 12

第二章 材料与分析 13

2.1工艺原理 13

2.2 总投资成本的估算 15

2.3 经济性分析 17

2.3.1净现值 18

2.3.2动态回收期 18

2.3.3内部收益率 19

2.3.4经济分析的意义 19

第三章 结果和讨论 20

3.1循环比对工艺的影响 20

3.2敏感性分析 21

3.2.1甲醇价格对IRR的影响 22

3.2.2 CO₂ 价格对IRR的影响 23

3.2.3 CAPEX对IRR的影响 23

3.2.4氢气价格对IRR的影响 24

3.2.5工厂规模对IRR的影响 25

第四章 结论与展望 26

参考文献 26

致 谢 29

第一章 绪 论

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