论文总字数：21894字

摘 要

含油污泥作为在石油开发生产过程中，产生的含有金属矿物质和有毒有害物质的固体废弃物，是公认的危险污染物，对含油污泥的处理必须经过严格安全的处理步骤，直至确认无毒无害后才可排放，否则会对人类和生态环境带来巨大的危害，也会极大地浪费资源。寻求高回收率、高利用率的处理技术是实现这类危险有机固体废物无害化和资源化的有效途径。处理含油污泥的方法主要是物理机械处理、化学试剂处理、生物处理等。近年来因为热解技术具有简单、洁净、高效的特点，同时可以对含油污泥产生的三相物质进行回收利用，因此被公认为是一种环境友好型技术，已经成为了处理含油污泥的首要选择。

本实验从热解终温、升温速率和催化剂种类三个方向来讨论对热解结果的影响，对含油污泥在这些方向作用下的热解产物进行研究，探讨热解产物组分分布的基本规律。研究结论证明，当催化剂与加热速率相同时，热解最终的温度越高，得到高附加值的产物越多；热解温度上升的速率越快，得到的高附加值的产物越多；加入催化剂可以极大促进热解反应向生成高附加值的方向转移。

关键词：含油污泥 热解 热解气

Study on catalytic pyrolysis characteristics of oily sludge

Abstract

Oily sludge, as a solid waste containing metal minerals and toxic and hazardous substances generated during the development and production of petroleum, is a recognized hazardous pollutant. The treatment of oily sludge must undergo strict and safe treatment steps until it is confirmed The poison can only be discharged after it is harmless, otherwise it will cause great harm to humans and the ecological environment, and will also greatly waste resources. Seeking a high recovery rate and high utilization rate of treatment technology is an effective way to achieve the harmless and resourceful use of such hazardous organic solid waste. The methods of treating oily sludge are mainly physical mechanical treatment, chemical reagent treatment, biological treatment and so on. In recent years, because pyrolysis technology has the characteristics of simple, clean and efficient, and at the same time can recycle the three-phase substances produced by oily sludge, it is recognized as an environmentally friendly technology and has become the treatment of oily sludge is the first choice.

This experiment discusses the effect on the pyrolysis results from the three directions of final pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and catalyst type. The pyrolysis products of oily sludge under these directions are studied to discuss the basic components of pyrolysis products. law. The research conclusion proves that when the catalyst and the heating rate are the same, the higher the final pyrolysis temperature, the more high-value-added products are obtained; the faster the pyrolysis temperature rises, the more high-value-added products are obtained; adding the catalyst Can greatly promote the pyrolysis reaction to the direction of generating high added value.

Keywords: oily sludge; pyrolysis; pyrolysis gas

目 录

摘 要..........................................................................................................................I

ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................Ⅱ

第一章 绪论............................................................................................................1

1.1 课题研究背景及意义 1

1.2 污泥详细介绍 2

1.2.1 污泥来源与分类 2

1.2.2 污泥特点 2

1.2.3 市政污泥产生现状 3

1.2.4 市政污泥成分性质 3

1.2.5 含油污泥产生现状及成分性质........................................................... 4

1.3 污泥处理技术 5

1.3.1 市政污泥处理 6

1.3.2含油污泥处理 7

1.4 含油污泥的催化热解 9

1.4.1 催化热解定义 9

1.4.2含油污泥的催化热解利用现状.............................................................9

1.5 存在问题 10

第二章 实验材料与方法 11

2.1 污泥性质 11

2.2 实验仪器 11

2.3 实验步骤 13

2.4气体产物分析方法 14

第三章 污泥热解产物性质 15

3.1 热解终温对产物分布影响 15

3.2升温速率对产物分布影响 16

3.3加入催化剂后对热解反应产物产率的影响 18

第四章 总结与展望 22

4.1 实验总结 22

4.2 未来展望 23

参考文献....................................................................................................................24

致 谢 27

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