论文总字数：18782字

摘 要

设计合理的酸雾收集与净化设备，对不锈钢厂酸雾废气进行治理工程工艺设计，确定废气处理的工艺技术路线，以保证废气经处理后达标排放。

首先是利用集气罩收集电解槽产生的酸雾废气，控制酸雾的扩散范围并将之收集在集气罩的选型上，结合电解槽长度和宽度尺寸考虑，钢管电解槽和管件电解槽采用单侧槽边集气罩，大件电解槽采用吹吸式罩。钢管电解槽和管件电解槽选用条缝式集气罩、选取合适的断面尺寸采用等高条缝，为保证条缝口上速度分布均匀，在每侧按实际情况分设多个罩子设置多根立管。大件电解槽根据电解槽的尺寸以及工作温度，计算出吹风口和吸风口的高度以及吹风口的吹风量和吸风口的吸风量。

接着是将收集到的酸雾废气通过通风管道系统送入填料塔进行吸附净化处理，在达标后将废气排放。由于该工艺产生的主要污染物为硫酸酸雾，易溶于水，因此采用液态吸收法是较为合适的净化技术。当所处理的污染物难溶于水中时，需要考虑选用其它溶剂作为吸收剂处理该污染物。

该类废气净化填料塔是应用较普遍的净化设备，其操作弹性大，负荷变动适应性强；净化效率高且稳定可靠，在相关行业的酸洗废气净化设备中应用最为广泛和成熟。由循环水箱对填料塔进行供水，吸收液NaOH溶液由循环泵输送通过螺旋形不阻塞喷嘴（螺纹装内牙连接便于检修），均匀地喷淋到填料层中，并沿着填料层（本设计填料采用50mm金属鲍尔环）表面向下流动，进入循环水箱；废气由风管吸入，自下而上经过格栅板穿过填料层，使气体和液体充分混合。

净化后废气通过喷淋塔后段的除雾器去除气体中的水份，最终经排气筒排放。净化塔配备补水和自动加药系统（含加药泵、PH控制器等），喷淋液在净化塔底部汇集，通过循环泵提供恒定水压，进行循环喷淋。

NaOH的加入量由加药泵和PH自控系统控制。反应完毕后的废水经反复循环使用，当反应产物浓度达到一定值（通过PH控制和温控系统控制）后排入污水处理站处理。

最终，电解槽产生的酸雾废气在经过集气罩的收集和酸雾净化装置填料塔的净化处理后，工艺流程产生的酸雾可有效控制在大气污染物排放标准内。

关键词：集气罩 风管 填料塔

Waste Gas Treatment Project in Pickling

Workshop of a Stainless Steel Pipe Co., Ltd.

Abstract

Reasonable acid mist collection and purification equipment is designed, the acid mist waste gas treatment engineering process design is carried out, and the technological route of waste gas treatment is determined to ensure that the waste gas after treatment meets the discharge standards.

Firstly, the gas collector is used to collect the acid fog produced by the electrolyzer, control the diffusion range of the acid fog and collect it on the selection of the gas collector. Considering the length and width of the electrolyzer, the gas collector at the side of the single cell is used in the steel tube electrolyzer and the fittings electrolyzer, and the Blow-Suction cover is used in the large electrolyzer. In order to ensure the uniform velocity distribution on the slit, a number of covers and risers are set up on each side according to the actual situation. According to the size and working temperature of the electrolytic cell, the height of the air blower and suction outlet, the air blower and the air suction volume of the air blower outlet are calculated.

Then, the collected acid mist exhaust gas is sent into the packed tower through the ventilation pipeline system for adsorption and purification, and the exhaust gas is discharged after meeting the standard. Because the main pollutant produced by this process is sulfuric acid mist, which is easy to dissolve in water, liquid absorption method is a more suitable purification technology. Liquid absorption is a process of transferring pollutants from gas phase to liquid phase through mass transfer between water or other organic (inorganic) solvents and organic polluted exhaust gas. The main absorption equipments are hollow spray tower, swirl plate tower, packed tower, plate tower, turbulent sphere tower, etc. The absorption efficiency mainly depends on the absorption performance of absorbent and the structural characteristics of absorption equipment, and there are great differences. When the treated pollutants are easily soluble in water, water or alkaline solution can be used as absorbent. When the treated pollutants are insoluble in water, other solvents should be considered to treat the pollutants.

This kind of packing tower for waste gas purification is a widely used purification equipment, which has great flexibility in operation, strong adaptability to load changes, high purification efficiency, stability and reliability, and is widely and maturely used in acid cleaning waste gas purification equipment in relevant industries. The circulating water tank is used to supply water to the packing tower, and the absorbent NaOH solution is conveyed by the circulating pump through a spiral non-blocking nozzle (threaded inner teeth are easy to be repaired), sprayed evenly into the packing layer, and flows downward along the surface of the packing layer (the designed packing is made of 50mm metal Bauer ring) to enter the circulating water tank. The exhaust gas is sucked in by the air duct, and passes through the filling layer through the grid plate from bottom to top, so that the gas and liquid can be fully mixed.

After purification, the exhaust gas is removed by the mist eliminator in the back section of the spray tower, and eventually discharged through the exhaust cylinder. The purifying tower is equipped with water supply and automatic dosing system (including dosing pump, PH controller, etc.). The spraying liquid gathers at the bottom of the purifying tower. The constant water pressure is provided by the circulating pump for circulating spraying.

The dosage of NaOH is controlled by the dosing pump and the PH automatic control system. After the reaction, the wastewater is recycled repeatedly. When the concentration of the reaction product reaches a certain value (through PH control and temperature control system), it is discharged into the wastewater treatment station for treatment.

Finally, the acid fog produced by the electrolyzer can be effectively controlled within the emission standard of atmospheric pollutants after the collection of the gas collector and the purification of the packed tower of the acid fog purification device.

Key words:Gas collecting hood;Air duct;Packed column

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1烟气脱酸的社会背景 1

1.1.1工业企业酸雾处理现状 1

1.1.2我国治理 SO₂的现状及发展趋势 1

1.1.3集气罩介绍 2

1.1.4填料塔的发展历程 2

第二章 概述 3

2.1项目概述 3

2.2工业企业车间主体工况及烟气废气情况 3

2.2.1工厂车间主体工况 3

第三章 设计方案 6

3.1设计原始资料 6

3.2验收标准 6

3.3方案论证 6

3.3.1工艺路线选择 6

3.3.2集气罩选择 6

3.3.3烟气脱酸设备选择 7

3.3.4工艺路线说明 7

第四章 工程投资概算 8

4.1工程直接费用预算 8

4.2工程间接费用概算 9

4.3环保工程总建设资金 9

第五章 工程运行费用及效益分析 10

5.1耗电量计算 10

5.2药剂消耗 10

5.3耗水量计算 10

5.4工厂机器运作年耗费用 10

5.5效益分析 11

5.5.1环境效益 11

5.5.2社会效益 11

5.5.3经济效益 11

第六章 工程运行及管理 12

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