摘 要

本文首先介绍了伊诺克不锈钢有限公司的生产状况并对其工艺产生的污染物进行分析，再结合设计依据与设计原则来设计一套酸雾收集与净化流程，使得排放污染物达到大气污染物综合排放标准。通过对工艺方法的简介以选择一条合适的工艺路线：首先是采用集气罩有效地控制酸雾废气的扩散范围，并将之收集起来；其次是将收集起来的废气通过管道系统送入净化设备处理后（填料塔）达标排放。其中，钢管电解设备和管件电解槽采用槽边集气罩，大件电解槽采用吹吸罩。前者根据各槽的宽度不同进行单（双）侧布置，后者根据电解槽的尺寸以及工作温度进行计算，从而得出吹风口和吸风口的高度以及每个吹（吸）风口的吹（吸）风量。

由于工艺产生的主要污染物为硫酸酸雾，其易溶于水，因此采用液态吸收法是较为合适的净化技术。该类废气净化填料塔是应用较普遍的净化设备，其操作弹性大，负荷变动适应性强；净化效率高且稳定可靠，在相关行业的酸洗废气净化设备中应用最为广泛和成熟：由循环水箱对填料塔进行供水，吸收液（本设计使用NaOH溶液）由循环泵输送通过螺旋形不阻塞喷嘴（螺纹装内牙连接便于检修），均匀地喷淋到填料层中，并沿着填料层（本设计填料采用50mm金属鲍尔环）表面向下流动，进入循环水箱；废气由风管吸入，自下而上经过格栅板穿过填料层，使气体和液体充分混合。净化后废气通过喷淋塔后段的除雾器去除气体中的水份，最终经排气筒排放。净化塔配备补水和自动加药系统（含加药泵、PH控制器等），喷淋液在净化塔底部汇集，通过循环泵提供恒定水压，进行循环喷淋，工艺产生的废水直接送入处理站。

填料塔与集气罩之间采用风管进行衔接，并设一个总引风机。槽边集气罩连接的支管与总管间的衔接采用三通形式，并在合适的位置使用弯头。吹吸罩采用吹风管与吸风管，为实现均匀送风，则保持各侧孔静压相等，计算不同侧孔面积及管道的阻力，并在吹风管侧设一个吹风机。为便于计算，选定一条最不利管路并进行阻力计算，若有阻力不平衡时可适当减小管径或使用阀门进行调节。此外，总管中不同管径处采用渐缩（扩）管进行衔接。

经过酸雾收集装置与酸雾净化装置，工艺流程产生的酸雾可有效控制在大气污染物排放标准内，且整套流程操作简单，耗价较小，满足工艺设计的要求。

关键词：集气罩 风管 填料塔

Design of acid mist exhaust gas purification project of Enoch Stainless Steel Co., Ltd.

Abstract

Firstly, this paper introduces the production status of Enoch Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. and analyses the pollutants produced by the process. Then, combined with the design basis and design principles, a set of acid fog collection and purification process is designed to make the pollutants meet the comprehensive emission standards of air pollutants. By introducing the process method, a suitable process route is selected: firstly, the gas collecting hood is used to effectively control the diffusion range of acid mist exhaust gas and collect it; secondly, the collected exhaust gas is sent to the purification equipment (packing tower) to meet the discharge standard through the pipeline system. Among them, steel tube electrolysis equipment and pipe fittings electrolyzer adopt slot edge gas collecting cover, and large electrolyzer adopt Blow-Suction cover. The former is arranged on the single (double) side according to the width of each groove, and chooses the slot type gas collecting hood, the equal height slot and the appropriate section size. In order to ensure the uniform velocity distribution on the slit opening, a number of covers and risers can be set up on each side according to the actual situation. The latter is calculated according to the size of the cell and the working temperature, and the height of the air blower and suction outlet and the air flow rate of each air blower (suction) outlet are obtained.

Because the main pollutant produced by the process is sulfuric acid mist, which is easily soluble in water, liquid absorption method is a more suitable purification technology. This kind of packing tower for waste gas purification is a widely used purification equipment, which has great flexibility in operation and adaptability to load fluctuation; high purification efficiency and reliability, and is most widely and mature in acid cleaning waste gas purification equipment of relevant industries: water supply for packing tower by circulating water tank, and absorption liquid (solution used in this design) is conveyed by circulating pump through spiral non-blocking nozzle. The threaded inner teeth are easy to be repaired and sprayed evenly into the packing layer, and flow downward along the surface of the packing layer (the design filler uses 50mm metal Bauer ring) into the circulating water tank. The exhaust gas is inhaled by the air duct, and passes through the packing layer through the grid plate from bottom to top, so that the gas and liquid are fully mixed. After purification, the exhaust gas is removed by the mist eliminator in the back section of the spray tower, and eventually discharged through the exhaust cylinder. The purifying tower is equipped with water supply and automatic dosing system (including dosing pump, PH controller, etc.). The spray liquid gathers at the bottom of the purifying tower. The constant water pressure is provided by the circulating pump for circulating spraying. The wastewater produced by the process is directly sent to the treatment station.

The air duct is used to connect the packed tower and the gas collecting hood, and a general suction fan is installed. The connection between the branch pipe and the main pipe connected by the groove side gas collecting hood is in the form of three-way connection, and the elbow is used in the appropriate position. In order to achieve uniform air supply, the static pressure of each side hole is kept equal, the resistance of different side hole area and pipeline is calculated, and a blower is installed on the side of the blower pipe. In order to facilitate calculation, the most disadvantageous pipeline is selected and resistance calculation is carried out. If the resistance is unbalanced, the diameter of the pipeline can be appropriately reduced or the valve can be used for adjustment. In addition, tapering (expanding) pipes are used to connect different diameters of the main pipe.

Through the acid fog collection device and the acid fog purification device, the acid fog produced by the process can be effectively controlled within the emission standard of atmospheric pollutants, and the whole process has the advantages of simple operation and low cost, which meets the requirements of process design.

Key words:Gas collecting hood;Air duct;Packed column

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.1.1国内技术简介 1

1.1.2集气罩介绍 1

1.1.3填料塔介绍 1

1.2国内外研究现状 1

第二章 概述 3

2.1项目概述 3

2.2企业生产状况及主要废气排污环节 3

2.2.1生产状况 3

2.2.2工艺流程 4

第三章 设计方案 6

3.1设计原始资料 6

3.2验收标准 6

3.3方案论证 6

3.3.1工艺路线选择 6

3.3.2集气罩选择 7

3.3.3净化设备选择 7

3.3.4工艺路线说明 7

第四章 工程投资概算 8

4.1工程直接费用预算 8

4.2工程间接费用概算 9

4.3工程总投资 9

第五章 工程运行费用及效益分析 10

5.1耗电量计算 10

5.2药剂消耗 10

5.3耗水量计算 10

5.4年运行费用计算 10

5.5效益分析 11

5.5.1环境效益 11

5.5.2社会效益 11

5.5.3经济效益 11

第六章 工程运行及管理 12

6.1人员配置 12