论文总字数：13565字

摘 要

高炉煤气是一种较为清洁，燃烧效率不低的燃料。在高炉的燃烧过程中，高炉煤气进入燃烧器时的初温较低，且排放烟气中含有大量未被利用的预热，不利于燃烧效率的提高和能源的节约。基于这样的现实，本设计“分离式热管煤气预热器”设计一台分离式热管煤气预热器来回收高炉的烟气余热，并预热高炉煤气的进气温度，从而达到节能减排、提高燃烧热利用效率，节约能源的目的。

热管煤气预热器需要解决以下一些问题：热管的传热极限需要进行考虑，以防温度过高超过管壁受热极限导致危险工况的发生；由于热侧冷测气体分别为烟气和煤气，灰尘含量都很高，容易在管壁之间积灰从而降低整体换热效率。

首先查文献得到高炉煤气的具体成分，根据已知的煤气进气温度来进行热物性参数计算；然后假定烟气的出口温度进行试算，试算得到烟气的定性温度，再根据煤气的成分得到烟气的成分并计算得出烟气在定性温度下的参数，求出总传热系数从而得到管内的压力降，校核，计算得出管排数。合理选取迎风面风速，让设备具有一定的自清灰能力。

本课题的设计主要参照《热物性参数手册》、压力容器设计手册和换热器设计手册，在技术要求允许的情况下，尽量设计出经济、合理的结构型式，同时满足制造、检修、装配、运输和维修等要求，设计出了分离式热管热侧、冷测主题图以及施工总图和管壳图，以及详细的管束图。本次设计结果满足任务书的设计要求，在安全性和经济性及环保要求方面均合格。

关键词： 分离式热管 高炉煤气 余热

The design of separate type gas preheater heat pipe

Abstract

Blast furnace gas is a cleaner burning which fuel efficiency is not low. In the blast furnace combustion process, the initial temperature of the blast furnace gas enters the burner when low smoke emission and contains a lot of untapped preheating is not conducive to energy conservation and improve combustion efficiency. Based on this reality, the design of "separate type heat pipe gas preheater" to design a separate type heat pipe gas preheater to recover the blast furnace flue gas waste heat and preheat intake air temperature blast furnace gas, so as to achieve energy conservation, increase heat of combustion efficiency, energy conservation purposes.
Heat pipe gas preheater need to address the following issues: heat pipe heat transfer limits need to be considered to prevent the temperature is too high over the wall heating limit the occurrence of dangerous conditions; the hot side cold and flue gases is measured gas, dust content is high, easily between the wall fouling thereby reducing overall heat transfer efficiency.

First, check the literature to obtain specific components of blast furnace gas, according to the known gas intake air temperature to calculate thermal parameters; then exit flue gas temperature was assumed spreadsheet, spreadsheet obtained qualitative temperature flue gas, according to the composition of the gas get the flue gas composition and calculated flue gas temperature at the qualitative parameters calculated overall heat transfer coefficient to obtain a pressure drop within the tube, checking, calculated the number of tube rows. Reasonable selection windward wind speed, so that the device has a certain self-cleaning ability.

This topic is designed primarily refer to "thermal parameters Manual", pressure vessel design manual and heat exchanger design handbook, under the technical requirements permitting, try to design a reasonable and economical structure type, while meeting the manufacture, repair, assembly, transportation and maintenance requirements, design a separate type heat pipe heat side, cold test topic maps and construction drawings and total envelope diagram, and detailed bundle FIG. The mission statement of design results meet the design requirements, safety and economic and environmental requirements are qualified.

Key words: separate type heat pipe;blast furnace gas;wasted heat

目 录

摘 要 I

第一章 绪 论 3

1.1 换热器简介 3

1.2 煤气预热器的重要性及问题 4

1.2.1 重要性及问题 4

1.2.2 预防措施 4

1.3 热管换热器 4

1.3.1 热管的原理及基本特性 4

1.3.2 热管的应用 5

1.3.3 分离式热管预热器的工业应用 5

1.3.4 热管煤气预热器的特点 6

1.4 小结 6

第二章 热力计算及结构设计 8

2.1原始参数 8

2.2 烟气侧定性温度及参数 9

2.2.1计算传热量 9

2.2.2 烟气侧温升及热物性参数 10

2.2.3 烟气侧定性温度 11

2.3 热管煤气预热器设计 12

2.3.1 热管参数 13

2.3.2 确定迎风面面积及迎风面管排数 13

2.3.3 求总传热系数 14

2.3.4 求加热侧总传热面积 17

2.3.5 求所需热管数 17

2.3.6 求换热器纵深排数 17

2.3.7 求通过换热器的压力降 18

2.4 结构设计 19

2.4.1壳体结构设计 19

2.4.2 热管内部设计 20

2.4.3 联箱 20

2.4.1 施工图设计 20

2.5 强度校核 20

第三章 总 结 21

参考文献 22

致 谢 24

绪论

工业过程中有着丰富的余热资源，特别是在生产制造和利用到蒸汽的大部分行业如食品行业等存在着大量广泛的余热资源。余热资源在如今的能源结构中占据了重要地位，成为第五大常规能源^[1]。

将焦炉煤气混入高炉煤气或天然气混入高炉煤气，利用烟气的余热预热煤气或空气等措施均可提高理论燃烧温度，达到提高风温的目的。现在国内钢铁公司炼铁厂多采用排放烟气预热空气、煤气，提高理论燃烧温度，继而提高高炉风温的方法^[2]。因此，利用烟气预热空气从而提高风温、提高热效率是一种有效可行的办法。

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