论文总字数：20691字

摘 要

本文只要介绍了废水余热回收换热器的设计。换热设备是化工、炼油、动力、能源、冶金、食品、机械、建筑工业中普遍应用的典型设备，无论从能源的利用，还是从工厂的投资来看，合理地选择和设计换热器，都具有重要的意义。本文选用的是管壳式换热器，因为管壳式换热器具有单位体积内能够提供较大的传热面积、传热效果好、适应性强、操作弹性大、易制造、成本低、易于检修和清洗等优点，因此应用最为广泛。

本次设计的设备是固定管板式换热器，它属于管壳式换热器的一种。本次设计的目的是通过对设备的设计初步掌握其设计的基本方法与程序。管壳式换热器的设计和分析包括热力设计、结构设计以及强度校核，其中以热力设计最为重要。首先根据给定的条件估算换热面积，从而进行换热器的选型，校核传热系数，计算出实际的换热面积。根据选定的换热器内径、管长等参数，确定换热器零件的尺寸，同时进行校核。最后进行热补偿计算，确定换热器强度能否满足要求。

关键词：固定管板式换热器 工艺设计 热力计算

Design of waste heat recovery heat exchanger

ABSTRACT

This thesis mainly introduces the design of waste heat recovery heat exchanger,which is widely used in chemical chemical industry,power, energy,metallurgy,food,machinery and building industry.No matter from energy use,or from the factory investment perspective,a reasonable choice and design of heat exchanger have important significance.This thesis chooses shell and tube heat exchanger,because it can provide large heat exchanger area per unit volume,heat transfer effect is good,adaptability is strong,elasticity of operation is big,easy to manufacture,its cost is low,easy to maintenance and clean etc,so it is most widely used.

The design of the this thesis is fixed tube sheet heat exchanger.It belongs to the shell and tube heat exchanger.The aim of this design is based on the design of equipment to master its basic design method and procedure.The design and analysis of shell and tube heat exchanger consists of thermal design,structural design and strength design.Thermal design is the most important.According to the giving conditions,firstly,we estimate the heat transfer area,then choose the model of heat exchanger and check the heat transfer coefficient to calculate the actual heat transfer area,According to the selected heat exchanger diameter, length and other parameters, determine the size of parts, and check.Finally,we carry on thermal compensation calculations to determine whether the strength of the heat exchanger can meet the requirements.

Key words:fixed tube sheet heat exchanger;Process Design;thermal design

目 录

摘要..............................................................Ⅰ

ABSTRACT........................................................Ⅱ

第一章 绪论.......................................................1

1.1 课题的研究背景及目的......................................1

1.2 换热器原理................................................1

1.3 管壳式换热器的类型和结构..................................2

1.3.1 固定管板式换热器.....................................2

1.3.2 浮头式换热器.........................................3

1.3.3 U 形管式换热器......................................3

1.4 管壳式换热器的设计........................................3

1.5 强化传热研究..............................................4

1.5.1 单相介质对流换热的强化...............................5

1.5.2 相变强化换热.........................................5

1.5.3 有源强化.............................................6

1.6 管壳式换热器腐蚀及防治....................................6

1.7 管壳式换热器的污垢分析....................................6

1.8 管壳式换热器的能效........................................6

1.9 小节......................................................7

第二章 废水余热回收换热器热力计算.............................8

2.1 热力计算部分..............................................8

2.1.1 原始数据.............................................8

2.1.2 流体的物性参数.......................................8

2.1.3 传热量及平均温差.....................................9

2.1.4 估算传热面积及传热面结构.............................9

2.1.5 管程计算............................................11

2.1.6 壳程结构及壳程计算..................................12

2.1.7 需用传热面积........................................15

2.2 阻力计算.................................................15

2.3 结构设计.................................................17

2.3.1 壳体的设计..........................................17

2.3.2 进出口的设计........................................18

2.3.3 封头的设计..........................................21

2.3.4 管板的设计..........................................21

2.3.5 管箱法兰的设计......................................24

2.3.6 折流板的设计........................................25

2.3.7 拉杆与定距管的设计..................................25

2.3.8 支座的设计..........................................25

2.4 换热器的热补偿............................................27

2.4.1 热交换器所受应力....................................27

2.4.2 温差应力............................................27

2.4.3 拉托力..............................................28

2.4.4 热补偿措施..........................................29

结语..............................................................30 参考文献.........................................................31

主要符号表.........................................................33

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