论文总字数：18143字

摘 要

随着人类生存环境污染问题的日益突出，调整能源结构、增加绿色能源（天然气）的使用量是必然的选择。目前世界正处于天然气取代石油而成为首要能源的过渡时期。天然气作为一种优质、高效、环保能源，在世界能源格局中取代石油而成为第一能源已为期不远。其实对于天然气在燃气民用灶上的研究早已有前人展开研究，本文对于天然气在燃气民用灶系统上的全预混燃烧模式进行了讨论。

本课题研究的是全预混燃气民用灶系统及引射器设计。民用式燃气灶是厨房设备中的主要燃气厨具，过去较多采用大气式或鼓风扩散式燃烧器，普遍存在排放性能不良、负荷调节不便等缺点。许多燃气灶具远没有达到最佳燃烧状态，灶温一般低于900℃，热效率不到65%。火焰受环境影响而散失，有风或气温低时更为严重。若燃气质量差，加之气温低,火焰会呈黄色或红色,甚至冒黑烟。燃烧不充分会使有害气体严重超标，危害使用者的健康。燃气灶具标准中，台式燃气灶最低热效率要求为55%,而嵌入式燃气灶最低热效率要求为50%。所以提高民用燃气灶的能效是迫在眉睫的。

本次设计利用的是理论计算。通过设定锅灶总功率以及燃烧方式选定燃气种类，并得知其成分，进行热力计算。得到需要的理论燃气空气量并假定满负荷时一次空气系数为1.1，通过引射器进出口压力最终得出引射器的尺寸。最后，画出图纸，完成设计。

关键词：燃气灶，全预混燃烧，引射器，理论计算

Premix gas stove civilian system and ejector design

Abstract

With the human environment pollution problems have become increasingly prominent, adjusting energy structure, increase green energy (natural gas) used is an inevitable choice. The world is in a natural gas instead of oil to become the primary energy of the transition period. Natural gas as a high quality, efficient, environmentally friendly energy, replace oil in the world energy landscape and become the first energy is not far away. In fact, for natural gas in the gas stove civilian previous research has long been a study paper for natural gas in the gas stove civilian system premix combustion mode were discussed.

This research is civilian premix gas stove and ejector system design.

Civil gas stove in the kitchen equipment in the main gas kitchen, past or blast more use of atmospheric diffusion burner, widespread poor emission performance, load regulation inconvenience and other shortcomings. Many gas cooker far from optimal burning, stoves temperature generally below 900 ℃, the thermal efficiency of less than 65%. Flame loss influenced by the environment, the more severe the wind or the temperature is low. If the gas quality is poor, coupled with low temperatures, the flame will be yellow or red, and even black smoke. Inadequate combustion of harmful gases seriously overweight would endanger the health of users. Standard gas stove, gas stove desktop minimum requirement of 55% thermal efficiency, and embedded gas stove requires a minimum thermal efficiency of 50%. So to improve the energy efficiency of residential gas stove is imminent.

This design makes use of theoretical calculations. By setting the total power of the stove and combustion gas type chosen, and that its composition, thermodynamic calculations. The theoretical amount of air required to obtain gas and assume full load primary air ratio of 1.1, by ejector outlet pressure eventually come ejector size. Finally, draw the blueprint, complete the design.

Keywords: gas stove, full-premixed combustion, ejector, theoretical calculation

目 录

摘要 ……………………………………………………………………I

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………II

第一章 绪论……………………………………………………………1

1.1 全预混燃气民用灶课题背景………………………………………………1

1.2 燃气燃烧方式………………………………………………………………2

1.3 民用燃气灶具系统…………………………………………………………3

1.3.1灶具主要部件及特点…………………………………………………4

1.4 本课题研究的内容--引射器………………………………………………6

1.4.1多流引射器的数值模拟………………………………………………8

1.5 有关燃气灶具选取的标准…………………………………………………9

第二章 全预混民用灶系统组成………………………………………11

2.1 全预混燃烧民用灶系统……………………………………………………11

2.1.1全预混燃气民用灶系统的组成………………………………………11

2.1.2民用灶示意图及系统结构图…………………………………………11

2.1.3燃气灶的主要组成……………………………………………………13

2.2 重要部件的工作过程及原理………………………………………………13

2.2.1引射器的结构分类与选择……………………………………………14

2.2.2引射式燃烧器的选型要求……………………………………………15

2.2.3引射器喷头及燃烧火道的选择………………………………………15

2.3 本系统初始设计参数的确定………………………………………………16

2.4 系统设计及计算方法及步骤的确定………………………………………16

1. 燃烧计算及引射器结构尺寸的计算…………………………17

3.1 民用燃气灶标准……………………………………………………………17

3.2 燃烧空气量、烟气量的计算………………………………………………18

3.2.1理论空气量……………………………………………………………18

3.2.2实际空气量和过剩空气系数…………………………………………18

3.2.3理论烟气量……………………………………………………………18

3.2.4实际烟气量……………………………………………………………18

3.3燃烧器头部的计算…………………………………………………………19

3.3.1喷头出口速度与直径…………………………………………………19

3.3.2火道尺寸………………………………………………………………19

3.3.3燃烧器火孔及火孔排列………………………………………………20

3.4 燃烧器火孔及火孔排列……………………………………………………20

3.4.1火孔总面积……………………………………………………………20

3.4.2火孔尺寸及数目………………………………………………………20

3.4.3火孔排列………………………………………………………………20

3.4.4燃烧器头部面积………………………………………………………20

3.5 引射器结构尺寸的计算……………………………………………………21

3.5.1一次空气系数…………………………………………………………21

3.5.2引射器尺寸……………………………………………………………21

结论 ………………………………………………………………………………23

参考文献…………………………………………………………………………24

致谢 ………………………………………………………………………………26

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