论文总字数：18175字

摘 要

本论文主要介绍管壳式预热器设计。换热器是将热流体的部分热量传递给冷流体的设备，以实现不同温度流体间的热能传递，又称热交换器。换热器是实现化工生产过程中热量交换和传递不可或缺的设备。优点：结构简单，制造方便，在相同管束情况下其壳体内径最小，管程分程较方便。缺点：管程无法进行机械清洗，壳程检查困难，壳体与管子之间无温差补偿元件时会产生较大的温差应力。

本毕业设计首先是热力计算，主要根据给定的设计条件估算换热面积，从而进行换热器的选型，校核传热系数，计算出实际的换热面积，进行压力降和壁温的计算。然后是关于结构和强度的设计，主要是根据已经选定的换热器型式进行设备内各零部件的设计。最后设计结果可通过绘制图纸表现出来。

关键词：管壳式换热器 热力计算 结构和强度设计

Design of the Shell-Tube Preheater

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the design of shell and tube preheater .The heat exchanger is part of the thermal fluid heat transfer equipment to the cold fluid, in order to achieve different temperature heat transfer fluid, also known as heat exchangers. The heat exchanger is the heat exchange process of the realization of the chemical production and delivery of essential equipment. Advantages: simple structure, easy to manufacture, in the case of the same bundle of its minimum shell diameter, tube sub-processes more convenient. Cons: the tube can not be mechanically cleaned, will have a greater thermal stress when there is no temperature difference between the shell checks compensation components difficulties shell and tube.

This graduation project is first of all the thermodynamic calculation, according to the given design conditions to estimate the heat transfer area, thus the selection of the heat exchanger, check the heat transfer coefficient, to calculate the actual heat transfer area, and finally the pressure drop and wall temperature calculations. And then on the structure and strength of design, mainly based on the type of heat exchanger has been selected the design of the device components. Final design results can be demonstrated by plotting drawings.

Key word: shell and tube preheater Thermodynamic calculation The structure and strength of design

目 录

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………I

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………II

第一章 绪论………………………………………………………………………1 前言……………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 换热器的现状及前景……………………………………………………1

1.2 换热器的技术原理………………………………………………………2

1.3 换热器的主要分类………………………………………………………3

1.3.1 换热器的分类及特点 ……………………………………………3

1.3.2 管壳式换热器的分类及特点 ……………………………………4

1.4 相关问题分析及优化……………………………………………………8

1.5 总结………………………………………………………………………8

1. 管壳式预热器设计……………………………………………………9

2.1 热力计算部分……………………………………………………………9 2.1.1 原始数据 …………………………………………………………9

2.1.2 流体的物性参数 …………………………………………………9

2.1.3 传热量及平均温差………………………………………………10

2.1.4 估算传热面积及传热面结构……………………………………10

2.1.5 管程计算…………………………………………………………12

2.1.6 壳程结构及壳程计算……………………………………………12

2.1.7 需用传热面积……………………………………………………13

2.2阻力计算…………………………………………………………………14

2.2.1 管程阻力降计算…………………………………………………14

2.2.2 壳程阻力降计算…………………………………………………15

2.3结构设计…………………………………………………………………15

2.3.1 壳体的设计………………………………………………………15

2.3.2 进出口的设计……………………………………………………16

2.3.3 封头的设计………………………………………………………19

2.3.4 管板的设计………………………………………………………19

2.3.5 管箱法兰的设计…………………………………………………21

2.3.6 支座的设计………………………………………………………22

2.4换热器的热补偿…………………………………………………………25

2.4.1 热交换器所受应力………………………………………………25

2.4.2 温差应力…………………………………………………………26

2.4.3 拉托力……………………………………………………………27

2.4.4 热补偿措施………………………………………………………27

结语………………………………………………………………………………… 28

参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………… 29

主要符号表 ………………………………………………………………………31

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