自动驾驶（Autonomous vehicles；Self-piloting automobile ）又称无人驾驶，是一种通过电脑系统实现无人驾驶的智能行车模式。无人驾驶汽车又称为全自主自控驾驶汽车，也可以称之为轮式移动机器人，它一般是利用车载传感器来感知车辆周围环境，并根据感知所获得的道路、车辆位置和障碍物信息，控制车辆的转向和速度，从而使车辆能够安全、可靠地在道路上行驶。它是集自动控制、体系结构、人工智能、视觉计算、程序设计、组合导航、信息融合等多种高科技为一体，是当代计算机科学、模式识别、控制技术的高度结合和发展的产物。

在自动驾驶时，会遇到不同的交通场景，如道路标识及交通信号灯等。为保证安全驾驶，识别交通信号灯对于自动驾驶具有重要的意义。本课题面向自动驾驶领域，研究正在行驶的无人驾驶汽车，如何识别前方路口的红灯，以及正确将车前方的行驶汽车的红色尾灯与前方路口的红灯进行正确辨识。本课题要求对前方有红灯条件的行驶场景进行建模，设计相关算法，编程以实现路口红灯和前方车辆红色尾灯的准确识别。

1.国外无人驾驶汽车发展现状

美国谷歌公司作为最先发展无人驾驶技术的公司，其研制的全自动驾驶汽车能够实现自动起动行驶与停车。谷歌自动驾驶汽车项目重组为一家名为Waymo的独立公司。Waymo于2017年11月7日对外宣布，将对不配备安全驾驶员的无人驾驶汽车进行测试。预计无人驾驶汽车测试活动将在2018年加速，2018年Waymo可能将会在公路上部署更多完全无人驾驶汽车。除了传统汽车业强国与谷歌等互联网企业已经开始无人驾驶汽车的研发并且已经取得了相当好的成果之外，苹果、Uber等也已经将业务范围向无人驾驶汽车倾斜。

2.国内无人驾驶汽车发展现状

目前，国内的百度、长安等企业以及国防科技大学、军事交通学院等军事院校的无人驾驶汽车走在国内研发的前列。例如长安汽车实现了无人驾驶汽车从重庆出发一路北上到达北京的国内无人驾驶汽车长途驾驶记录。百度汽车同样在北京进行了初次无人驾驶汽车在北京道路的实验并且取得了成功。而到2020年，无人驾驶车辆有望在北京到崇礼的延崇高速路上实现道路测试。相关技术的快速发展无疑为无人驾驶的未来提供了强有力的技术支持。

3.无人驾驶的未来发展

未来的某天，当无人驾驶汽车普及，很多现有的社会制度将会受到强烈的冲击，比如人们不再需要驾照与保险这个硬性规定。随着信息技术的普及，无人驾驶汽车必将会与移动通信技术相连接，无人驾驶汽车通过移动通信可随时保持联系。如果是电动无人驾驶汽车，或许从国家电网公司购买电动汽车也不再是遥不可及，油费将会被电费取代，加油站也将会被拆除。马路上的出租汽车也不需要“的哥”，出租车司机这个职业将会渐渐消失。无人驾驶的出现，带给了我们无限美好的憧憬。

Autonomous vehicles (Autonomous vehicles; Self-piloting automobile), also known as unmanned vehicles, are an intelligent driving mode that is unmanned by a computer system.When driving autonomously, you will encounter different traffic scenarios, such as road signs and traffic lights. In order to ensure safe driving, the identification of traffic lights is of great significance for autonomous driving. This topic is aimed at the field of autonomous driving, researching the driving driverless car, how to recognize the red light at the front intersection, and correctly identifying the red taillight of the driving car in front of the car and the red light at the front intersection. This topic requires modeling the driving scene with red light conditions ahead, designing related algorithms, and programming to realize the accurate identification of the red light at the intersection and the red tail light of the vehicle in front.

Unmanned driving is the future research direction of automobiles, and it has a profound impact on the automotive industry and even the transportation industry. The advent of driverless cars will be able to liberate human hands, reduce the frequency of traffic accidents, and ensure people's safety. At the same time, with the breakthrough and continuous advancement of core technologies such as artificial intelligence and sensor detection, unmanned driving will be more intelligent, and at the same time, the industrialization of driverless cars can be realized. However, the emergence of any technology is a process of gradual and continuous innovation. Unmanned driving from emergence to maturity to being able to be used worldwide requires the unremitting efforts of every automobile person.