太阳能高温集热器设计及集热性能实验探讨毕业论文
2022-01-09 21:49:32
论文总字数:18468字
摘 要
太阳能高温集热器是太阳能集热系统中的关键部件,不同的集热器结构和尺寸参数会对太阳能集热系统的效率产生很大影响。集热器的结构设计成为太阳能利用领域的一个重要研究方向。
本文设计了一套以空气作为传热介质的泡沫金属容积式太阳能高温集热器。集热器采用套筒式结构,分为内外两层,两层之间加装螺旋肋片作为空气流道起预热作用,腔体内布置双层泡沫金属作为主要换热区域,充分提高集热器换热效率。入光窗口选用了JGS1型石英玻璃,并用石墨垫片和法兰进行密封。通过传热分析得到腔体尺寸参数和气体管道参数。本文通过对集热器的集热性能进行分析,计算得到系统热效率和热损失。建设1MW集热器发电系统,并分析经济效益。
结果表明:本文所设计的集热器腔体内部的吸热效率为81.61%,系统总的热转换效率可以达到62.9%。中国科学院大学蒋招梧设计的集热器,在相同工况下吸热效率为80.6%,本课题设计的集热器效率上有一定的进步。集热器热效率与泡沫金属到入光窗口的距离有关,当距离越大时,系统的吸收率越接近黑体。另外系统的热效率与集热器直径有很大的关系,当集热器直径越大时,系统损失的热量越多。泡沫金属和侧壁面的热损失为997.78W,为总热损失的56.8%。而通过降低聚光器的反射损失、提高窗口的透光率和吸热装置的保温性能,可以进一步提高系统的热转换效率。发电系统投资回本期10.966年,经济效益一般。
关键词:太阳能热利用;容积式集热器;泡沫金属;结构设计
The design and thermal performance discussion of solar high temperature receiver
Abstract
High-temperature solar recivers are critcal components of solar thermal transfer system. The efficiency is affected by the different types of reciver structure and size parameters. The design of solar recivers is an important research direction in the field of solar energy application.
In this paper, a foam metal volumetric solar reciver with air as heat transfer fluid was designed, the structure of which could be divided into two layers with circular fins in external wall of inner cylinder. Double layer foam metal was arranged in the cavityas the main heat transfer area for better thermal transfer efficiency. JGS1 type quartz glass was used as optical window, and it was sealed by graphite pad and flange. The size of cavityas and air tube were obtained by analysing heat transfer. Then calculated by analysing the reciver performance, the absorptivity of the system and heat loss were figured out. A 1MW absorber generation system was constructed, and the economic benefits were analyzed.
The results show that the internal heat absorptivity of the reciver designed in this paper is 81.61%, and the total heat conversion efficiency of the system can reach 62.9%. The absorber designed by Jiang Zhaowu, University of Chinese Academy of Science, has a heat absorption of 80.6% under the same working condition, and the efficiency of the absorber designed in this paper has been improved. The absorptivity of the system is related to the distance between the foam metal and the optical window. The larger the distance is, the closer the absorptivity of the system is to blackbody. In addition, the thermal efficiency of the system is related to the diameter of the reciver. The larger the collector diameter is, the more heat the system loses. The heat loss of foam metal and sidewall is 997.78W, which is 56.8% of the total heat loss. The thermal transfer efficiency of the system can be further improved by reducing reflaction loss of collecting mirror, improving light transmittance of optical window or heat-insulating ability. The investmen of power generation system is 10.966 years back to the current period, with average economic benefits.
Key words: Solar thermal utilization; Volumetric reciver; Foam metal; Structural design
目 录
摘 要 1
Abstract 2
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 容积式太阳能集热器研究 1
1.2.1集热器结构研究 2
1.2.2聚集器聚光特性研究 3
1.2.3 泡沫金属传热研究 3
第二章 容积式太阳能集热器设计 5
2.1集热器形式和多孔介质选择 5
2.2入光窗口 5
2.3集热器结构模型 6
2.4管道尺寸 8
2.5集热器腔体尺寸 9
第三章 集热器热效率分析 12
3.1入光窗口热损失 13
3.2后端盖热损失 14
3.3泡沫金属和侧壁面热损失 14
3.4热损失和效率 16
第四章 经济性分析 17
4.1集热器发电系统经济性评估 17
4.2生产差成本和人工费评估 17
第五章 结论与展望 19
5.1 结论 19
5.2展望 19
参考文献 21
致谢 23
第一章 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
人类社会的进步和能源的使用息息相关,人类的生存与生产经营活动都离不开能源的供给与利用,同时人们在开采其它自然资源时也需要利用能源。能源已经成为人类文明与进步的基石,能源的消耗利用则反映了人民生活水平的标准。中国作为发展中国家,在发展过程中,对能源的需求不断增加,建立了以化石能源为基石的经济发展体系,经济社会也获得了迅速地发展,成为了世界上最大的发展中国家。自21世纪以来,随着各个国家的迅速发展,全球对于传统能源的开采和利用需求日趋增多。然而以化石能源为主的传统能源储量并非无穷无尽,能源的枯竭将不可避免。我国能源资源总量丰富,但人均占有量在全球处于较低的水平,其中煤炭、水资源在平均水平的中线处,而天然气、石油与平均水平相差较远[1]。并且,化石能源的开采利用,还具有环境污染、温室效应等缺点。因此,减少化石能源的使用,开发可再生新能源具有重大意义。
为了改善能源消费量大,能源结构不合理,环境污染等能源环境现状,减少对不可再生资源的依赖,我国正在加快对可再生清洁能源的开采利用。清洁能源中最受人关注的便是太阳能。太阳能的使用过程对环境不会造成污染,既适合小规模使用,作为能源补充;又适合大规模建设(分布广泛、总量充沛),达到较高的经济效益[2]。因此,太阳能的开发与利用成为了应对全球能源紧缺的解决方法。
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