论文总字数：17002字

摘 要

本文首先介绍了超级电容器的定义、特点、种类和功能，并阐述了超级电容器的发展前景和研究现状。在论文工作中，我们分别制备了还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）和二氧化钌（RuO₂)电极，并对这两种电极进行了傅里叶红外光谱表征、XRD、FESEM和EDS元素组分分析。实验结果表明本文工作所制备的RGO具有典型的双电层电极材料的特征；RuO₂电极的电化学特征明显，在0.300 -1.005 V电势窗口呈现多重氧化还原对（Redox couples）Ru(IV)/Ru(III)/Ru(II)。进一步，我们还采用RGO和RuO₂电极分别组装了对称超级电容器RGO//RGO、RuO₂//RuO₂用以循环伏安测量。在循环伏安法测量电极比电容常规技术的基础上，提出了连续电势区间分段测量电极比电容的方法（Piecewise CV），并以此成功建立了超级电容RGO//RGO、RuO₂//RuO₂的电极比电容随电势变化的依赖关系，结合CV曲线对电极比电容-电势关系进行了讨论。实验结果表明，采用Piecewise CV得到的这一关系具有很好的可靠性，对电容器电压窗口最大化的电极材料质量比调整具有实际应用价值，对超级电容器的设计和制造具有重要的指导意义。

关键词：超级电容器 二氧化钌 循环伏安法 电压窗口

The Establishment of the Relationship between Electrode Specific Capacity and Potential of Supercapacitor Based on Cyclic Voltammetry

Abstract

This paper firstly introduces the definition, characteristics, types and functions of supercapacitors, and described the development prospect and research status of supercapacitors. In this paper, RGO and RuO₂ electrodes were prepared and characteristics by Fourier infrared spectroscopy, XRD, FESEM and EDS. The experimental results show that the RGO prepared in this paper has the characteristics of typical double-layer electrode materials. The electrochemical characteristics of RuO₂ electrode were obvious, showing multiple Redox couples. Ru(IV)/Ru(III)/Ru(II) at the potential window of 0.300-1.005V. Futhermore, symmetrical supercapatiors RGO//ROG and RuO₂// RuO₂ electrodes for Cyclic voltammetry measurement. Than in Cyclic voltammetry measurement electrode capacitance on the basis of conventional technology, puts forward the continuous Piecewise measuring specific capacitance of electrode potential interval method (Piecewise CV), and successfully established the relationship between electrode specific capacity and the potential of RGO//RGO supercapacitors and RuO₂// RuO₂ supercapacitors, combined with the CV curve relationship between the specific capacitance of electrode-potential are discussed. The experimental results show that the relationship obtained by Piecewise CV has good reliability, and it has practical application value to adjust the electrode material mass ratio to maximize the capacitor voltage window, which has important guiding significance for the design and manufacture of supercapacitors.

Key Words: Supercapacitors; RuO₂; Cyclic voltammetry; Voltage window

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1引言 1

1.2超级电容器简介 1

1.2.1 双电层电容器 2

1.2.2 赝电容电容器 2

1.2.3 超级电容器的电极种类 2

1.3超级电容器的能量存储 4

1.4论文选题的依据 4

第一章 实验 5

2.1 实验中所使用的化学品及器材 5

2.2实验采用的仪器设备 5

2.3实验中所用的测量方法 7

2.4 RGO和RuO₂电极的制备 8

2.5 RuO₂电极和RGO电极的表征 9

2.5.1 RuO2电极的表征 9

2.5.2 RGO电极的表征 11

第二章 超级电容器RGO//RGO、 RuO₂// RuO₂电极比容量与电势关系的建立 14

第三章 氧化钌超级电容器电压窗口的拓展 21

第四章 结论 25

参考文献 27

致谢 29

绪论

1.1引言

近年来，随着科技和经济的不断发展，人们对电能的需求越来越大。因此对储能器件的需求越来越多。

储能器件主要有二次电池（可充电电池）和电容器。其中可充电电池在生产生活中已经起到了很重要的作用，并在便携式电子设备（如手机）中进行了大规模的应用。

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