论文总字数：18582字

摘 要

纳米材料因其独特的性能与结构被广泛应用于各个领域，用于制备超级电容器电极便是其中一种应用。常见的制备纳米材料的方法都具有一定的不可控因素，静电纺丝法能高效且稳定地制备纳米纤维而备受关注。

本次实验基于乙酸钴溶液，使用高压静电纺丝法，在一定的温度和电压条件下制备乙酸钴薄膜，并经过管式炉高温煅烧后形成纳米四氧化三钴颗粒。完成纳米四氧化三钴的制备后我们利用电泳原理将其制成超级电容器电极，并通过循环伏安测试检测制成的电极性能。实验中我们通过煅烧产物的XRD表征研究了不同煅烧条件对四氧化三钴的影响，使用光学显微镜对电泳后的电极表面观察总结四氧化三钴形貌特征，并由循环伏安测试结果得出最佳电泳时间和电泳电压。

关键词：高压静电纺丝 纳米材料 四氧化三钴 伏安循环测试 超级电容器

Preparation of nano cobalt oxide by electrospinning

Abstract

Nanomaterials have been widely used in various fields due to their unique properties and structures, one of the applications is to make supercapacitor electrodes. The common methods for preparing nanomaterials all have some uncontrollable factors. Electrospinning has attracted much attention for its high efficiency and stability in preparing nanofilaments.

This experiment is based on cobalt acetate solution. We got cobalt acetate thin film by high voltage electrospinning under certain temperature and voltage conditions. And nano cobalt tetroxide particles are formed after high-temperature calcining in tube furnace. After the preparation of nano cobalt tetroxide, we tried to make the supercapacitor electrode by electrophoresis, and tested the performance of the electrode made by cyclic voltammetry. In this experiment, we studied the influence of different calcination conditions on cobalt tetroxide through the XRD characterization of the calcined products. We also observed the electrode surface after electrophoresis with an optical microscope and summarized the morphology characteristics of cobalt tetroxide. Finally we concluded the optimal electrophoresis time and voltage based on the cyclic voltampere test results.

Key Words: High voltage electrospinning; Nanomaterials; Cobalt trioxide; Volt-ammetric cycle test; Supercapacitor

目 录

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………I

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………II

第一章 绪论………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 引言……………………………………………………………………………1

1.2 高压静电纺丝技术……………………………………………………………1

1.2.1 基本介绍………………………………………………………………1

1.2.2 静电纺丝装置…………………………………………………………1

1.2.3 静电纺丝技术原理……………………………………………………2

1.2.4 静电纺丝技术研究现状………………………………………………3

1.2.5 静电纺丝应用…………………………………………………………3

1.3 超级电容器……………………………………………………………………4

1.3.1 基本介绍………………………………………………………………4

1.3.2 电极材料的选取………………………………………………………4

1.3.3 超级电容器的应用……………………………………………………6

1.3.4 超级电容器的不足与前景……………………………………………6

1.4 论文研究目的…………………………………………………………………6

第二章 实验部分…………………………………………………………………7

2.1 实验使用的仪器及材料………………………………………………………7

2.1.1 实验材料使用品种及用量……………………………………………7

2.1.2 相关仪器设备及用途…………………………………………………7

2.2 高压静电纺丝…………………………………………………………………8

2.2.1 配置溶液………………………………………………………………8

2.2.2 静电纺丝………………………………………………………………9

2.2.3 清洗仪器………………………………………………………………12

2.3 管式炉高温煅烧……………………………………………………………12 2.3.1 煅烧……………………………………………………………………12

2.3.2 不同煅烧条件设置……………………………………………………13

2.4 XRD表征……………………………………………………………………14

2.5 电泳…………………………………………………………………………15

2.5.1 电泳溶液配制…………………………………………………………15

2.5.2 导电玻璃（ITO）称重………………………………………………15

2.5.3 电泳……………………………………………………………………16

2.6 循环伏安测试………………………………………………………………17

第三章 实验结果分析…………………………………………………………19

3.1 四氧化三钴XRD表征结果………………………………………………19

3.2 光学显微镜纳米四氧化三钴形貌特征……………………………………21

3.3 研究不同电泳电压和电泳时间对电极性能影响…………………………22

第四章 结论………………………………………………………………………27

参考文献…………………………………………………………………………28

致谢…………………………………………………………………………………31

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