摘 要

与铁路运输、水路运输、公路运输与航空相比，管道运输拥有诸多优点，如可输送距离长、能耗低、建设速度快、占地面积小、输量高、对环境影响小、受地理及气象条件影响小等，因此得到快速发展。管道运输的发展与石油工业的发展密切相关。现代管道运输起步于19世纪中叶，第二次世界大战爆发后，能源需求空前增长，促进了真正具有现代规模的长距离输油管道的发展进程。当时，因战争需要，美国建设了两条在当时距离最长、管径最大的输油管道，其中一条即为原油管道。随着原油所需越来越广泛，作为能源利用技术的重要一环，原油运输技术越来越受到重视。基于管道运输具有多种优势，己成为世界主要的原油输送方法。

本论文根据任务书要求，考虑到岳阳到舟山沿路所处的地理环境，同时参考管道设计中输送原油各类基本参数后，由经济流速完成了对管径及管材的选取。在完成所有的工艺计算后，本着“热泵合一”节约资源的原则，对泵站与加热站进行了合理布站，并对各种工况下进行了水力校核、热力校核以及越站校核，此外还根据设计情况对相应设备进行合理选型以及管道防腐。完成了中间站的总平面布局图、水力坡降图和中间站密闭输油流程图。在设计过程中，参照国家设计规范对各参数进行判断与选取，以此为基本原则进行设计。考虑到节能降耗增强管路经济性，减少不必要的损耗，在满足管线设计要求的前提下，设计过程中充分利用沿路地形条件与管线承压能力。

本次设计与所读专业有较强的相关性，在整个设计过程中，参考设计规范，与中外文参考文献，了解并合适地选择相应数据，使得在节约能源保护环境的情况下让布置更为合理，也对专业知识有了更多的掌握。

关键字：粘度；密度；管径；原油；工况；泵

Abstract

Pipeline transportation and railway, waterways, highways, aviation, because of its long distance, construction speed, small footprint, large diameter, high volume, low energy consumption, does not pollute the environment, affected by geographical and meteorological conditions and other advantages and rapid development. The development of pipeline transportation is closely related to the development of energy industry, especially the oil industry. Modern pipeline transport began in the middle of the 19th century, but the real scale of the long-distance oil pipeline began in the Second World War. At that time, due to the needs of the US war, the construction of the two were the largest viewing, the longest from the pipeline, one of which is crude oil pipeline. The transport of crude oil as an important part of energy use technology, more and more attention. Has become the world's major crude oil delivery methods.

Based on the geographical environment and the basic parameters of piping design from Yueyang to Zhoushan along the way, the selection of pipe diameter pipe is determined by the economic flow rate, and all the process calculation is completed. Based on the principle of "saving heat pump" , The pumping station and the heating station for a reasonable cloth station, and under various conditions for a hydraulic check, thermal check and more station check, in addition to the design of the corresponding equipment for a reasonable selection and pipeline corrosion The completed the middle station of the total layout plan, hydraulic slope map and the middle station closed oil flow chart. In the design process, the national design norms as the main and the basic principles, make full use of terrain conditions, to energy saving for the purpose of meeting the pipeline design requirements under the premise of full use of pipeline pressure capacity to reduce unnecessary losses.

This design has a strong correlation with the major in the design process. In the whole design process, it is necessary to consult more information and literature, understand the appropriate choice of the appropriate data, how to save energy in the environment to make the layout more reasonable , But also have more mastery of professional knowledge.

Key Words：Viscosity; density; diameter; crude oil; working conditions; pump