基于可变电抗器的无功补偿控制器的设计毕业论文
2021-06-25 01:22:19
摘 要
随着社会经济的快速发展,工业生产中产生大量的感性负荷和冲击性负荷,这些负荷进入电网,使用电环境越来越复杂。原因是大量无功功率被这些感性负载和冲击性负载消耗掉,导致电网功率因素降低,电网也因此出现不稳定的现象。 除此之外,由于负载的不断变化,传统的无功补偿方法很难满足现代工业环境的需求。因此,设计一种可以随负载不断变化而动态补偿无功功率的装置就显得非常重要。
本文设计的重点在于动态无功补偿,因此本文选用了静止无功补偿器(SVC)的典型代表之一的晶闸管投切电容器(TSC)。选用晶闸管当做投切元件的好处是可以使电路无触点投切。本文设计要求使用西门子S7-200PLC,因此电路也是在S7-200的基础上设计的,选用此PLC对晶闸管进行控制,可以根据电网的实时动态来实现对电容器的实时控制和快速准确投切。先用PLC编辑程序,然后利用傅里叶算法计算无功功率,接着根据计算结果,让PLC进行选择和判断,发出晶闸管的导通与关断命令,这样的一个过程是为了实现对电容器的投切的控制和最优补偿方案的设计。设计中还完成了触发电路、电容器接线方式等的设计,电压互感器、电流互感器、隔离模块等器件的选择。
关键词:无功补偿;零电压触发;TSC;电容器分组
Abstract
With the rapid development of social economy , industrial production generates a lot of emotional load and impact load ,which go into the grid and make the electrical environment more and more complex .The reason is that a lot of reactive power is consumed by emotional load and impact load , which makes power factor reducing and the grid unstable .Apart from that , due to the changing load, the traditional reactive power compensation method is difficult to meet the needs of modern industrial environments . Thus, designing a dynamically changing load with reactive power compensation device is very important .
The focus of this design is the dynamic reactive power compensation .Therefor ,the paper chose the thyristor static var compensator (SVC) which is a typical representative of one of the switched capacitor (TSC) . The design requires the use of Siemens S7-200PLC, so that the circuit is designed on the basis of S7-200. Choosing this PLC controlling the thyristor , which can achieve fast and accurate real-time controlling and switching according to real-time dynamic grid capacitor .PLC is used to editing the program . Fourier algorithm is used to calculate the reactive power .The PLC selects and judges the result according to the calculation result and issues a directive to turn on or turn off the thyristor . Then we can achieve the design of capacitor switching controlling and optimal compensation scheme .In this paper ,I make the design of trigger circuit and the capacitor wiring .And I also select the voltage transformers, current transformers, isolation modules and other devices .
Keywords: reactive power compensation; zero-voltage trigger; TSC; capacitor grouping
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪 论 1
1.1课题研究背景及意义 1
1.2无功补偿的原理 1
1.3无功补偿的发展状况 3
1.4本文主要研究内容 3
第2章 无功计算及控制策略 5
2.1无功的计算 5
2.2电容器分组及控制策略 7
2.3控制目标的选择与控制方式 8
第3章 控制系统设计及器件选择 9
3.1主控电路的设计 9
3.2触发电路设计 10
3.2.1晶闸管电压过零触发电路 10
3.2.2光电耦合器 10
3.2.3过零检测电路 11
3.2.4脉冲隔离放大环节 12
3.3器件的选择 12
3.3.1电压和电流互感器选择 12
3.3.2信号隔离模块的选择 13
3.3.3投切执行单元的设计 13
3.3.6电容器和电抗器选择 14
第4章 PLC硬件选择和软件编程 16
4.1PLC硬件选择 16
4.1.1中央处理器(CPU) 16
4.1.2输入输出模块 16
4.2 PLC程序设计 17
4.2.1程序梯形图及流程图 17
4.2.4控制电气原理图 17
4.2.3控制接线图 18
第5章 全文总结与展望 20
5.1全文总结 20
5.2前景展望 20
参考文献 21
附 录 23
附图1主程序梯形图 23
附图2初始化子程序 27