摘 要

在今天的社会中，物联网的出现，让物流占据的地位越来越显著，无论是购物、运输还是货物存储，都面临着极大的挑战，使用传统的人性化管理，可能需要花费大量的时间和金钱在备案商品、记录拿取上，若采用纯人工形式，不足以面对如此庞大的物流需求，射频识别技术的出现，很大程度上缓和了该类问题，如果使每一件物品都贴上电子标签，将会使货物的管理更加自动化、智能化，但是射频识别技术若要应用到物流领域也意味着许多的挑战，比如物品属性、积压堆放等环境条件可能会导致射频识别技术不稳定，为了解决积压堆放的问题，本文提出一种基于RFID的智能电子货架设计思路，可以一定程度上解决物品积压堆放而导致的识别不准确问题。

本论文的智能货架系统设计是基于RFID技术的，由硬件和管理软件两个部分组成，其中硬件电路直接与货架进行连接，通过RFID卡的读取情况来判断用户对货架的操作，如拿走货物、放入货物，再通过主控芯片向上位机发送数据并显示，上位机的软件通过人工输入自己名字来确定操作人，并记录下这次操作。

本方案会很大程度上解决积压堆放的问题并且大大降低人工成本，操作人员只需一开始在电脑中输入自己的名字就可以进行多次直接拿取操作，软件会自动生成记录，提高整个物流的效率。

关键词：物流；射频识别；积压堆放；智能货架

Abstract

In today's society, the emergence of the Internet of things, let the status of the logistics occupies more and more significant, both shopping, transportation and storage of goods, are facing huge challenges, using the traditional humanized management, you may need to spend a lot of time and money in the record, record take goods, if use purely human form, not in the face of such a large logistics demand, the emergence of radio frequency identification technology, to a large extent eased the problem, if you make every items, electronic label will make the goods more automatic and intelligent management, but the radio frequency identification technology to be applied to the logistics field also means a lot of challenges, For example, environmental conditions such as item attributes and overstocking may lead to the instability of RFID technology. In order to solve the problem of overstocking, this paper proposes a design idea of intelligent electronic shelf based on RFID, which can solve the problem of inaccurate identification caused by overstocking to some extent.

Smart shelves system design of this paper is based on RFID technology, is composed of two parts of hardware and management software, including hardware circuit connect directly with shelves, to judge the user read the situation through the RFID card to the operation of the shelves, such as take into goods or goods, and up through the master control chip, a machine to send data and display, PC software by artificial enter their name to determine the operation, and record the operation.

This scheme will solve the problem of backlog to a large extent and greatly reduce the labor cost. The operator only needs to input his/her name into the computer at the beginning, and then he/she can directly take it for many times. The software will automatically generate records and improve the efficiency of the whole logistics.

Key words：Logistics；Radio frequency identification；Backlog piled up；Smart shelves

目录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1设计的背景及研究意义 1

1.2国内外发展现状 1

1.2.1 国内发展现状 1

1.2.2 国外发展现状 2

1.3主要研究内容及章节安排 3

第二章 相关技术及总体方案 4

2.1 RFID概述 4

2.1.1 RFID技术的发展 4

2.1.2 RFID系统的构成 4

2.1.3 RFID的防冲撞机制 4

2.2 总体方案设计 5

2.2.1 硬件电路 5

2.2.2 软件程序 6

第三章 硬件电路 7

3.1 系统硬件部分 7

3.1.1单片机模块 7

3.1.2串口通信模块 8

3.1.3液晶显示模块 9

3.1.4射频识别模块 11

第四章 下位机软件 13

4.1 单片机程序 13

4.1.1 按键检测函数 13

4.1.2 初始化函数 14

4.1.3 发送函数 14

4.2 LCD1602程序 15

4.2.1 写指令 15

4.2.2 写数据 15

4.3 RFID卡程序 16

4.3.1 初始化函数 16

4.3.2 寻卡函数 16

第五章 上位机软件 18

5.1 VB对象窗口 18

5.2 VB代码窗口 19

5.2.1 串口选择模块 20

5.2.2 数据记录模块 21

5.2.3 货架监管模块 21

第六章 仿真与结果分析 23

6.1 硬件电路仿真 23

6.2 上位机仿真 27

6.3 结果分析 27

结束语………………. 29

参考文献..................... 30

附录................. 31

附录A：仿真电路图 31

附录B：电路原理图 31

附录C：VB对象窗口 32

附录D：单片机代码部分 32

附录E: VB代码 46