基于路径规划的自动平行泊车系统设计与实现毕业论文
2022-01-08 21:54:08
论文总字数:30287字
摘 要
近年来,随着经济的稳步提高,社会进入了私家车消费时代。城市空间变得越发拥挤,车位变得越发紧张,随之而来的停车失误引起的交通事故也越来越常见。针对现有的B样条曲线路径规划方法,由于其未知参数多、求解量多与计算难度大,本文提出五次多项式路径规划算法设计平行泊车路径轨迹,使其计算量减少的同时还能满足泊车曲率的要求。
首先,本文通过阿克曼转向几何原理化简车辆结构,对车辆进行建模,在 Simulink中搭建出仿真模型;其次,通过圆弧—直线—圆弧的路径对车位的尺寸要求分析,给出最小车位尺寸以及防碰撞条件,随后利用五次多项式路径规划方法求得泊车路径轨迹;然后,基于非时间变量设计了第一种普通滑模控制器,随后又设计了终端滑模控制器,为了产生比较,又简单设计了模糊控制器,与滑模控制器进行比较,观察控制效果;最后,对所设计的控制器对停车曲线进行跟踪控制,通过Matlab/Simulink进行仿真,通过仿真示意图,比较了三种控制器的控制效果。仿真结果表明,模糊控制器不管在横向误差还是航向角误差方面都具有良好的控制效果。
关键词:平行泊车;路径规划;滑模控制;模糊控制
Design and Implementation of Automatic Parallel Parking System Based on Path Planning
Abstract
In recent years, with the steady improvement of economy, the society has entered the era of private car consumption. Urban space becomes more crowded, parking spaces become more tense, and traffic accidents caused by parking errors are becoming more and more common. In view of the existing B-spline curve path planning method, due to its large number of unknown parameters, a lot of solutions and great difficulty in calculation, this paper proposes a quintic polynomial path planning algorithm to design parallel parking path trajectories, which can reduce the amount of calculation and meet the requirements of parking curvature.
Firstly, this paper simplifies the vehicle structure through Ackerman steering geometry principle, models the vehicle, and builds a simulation model in Simulink. Secondly, the minimum parking space size and anti-collision conditions are given through the analysis of the parking space size requirements for the arc-straight-arc path, and then the parking path trajectory is obtained by using the quintic polynomial path planning method. Then, the first common sliding mode controller is designed based on non-time variables, and then the terminal sliding mode controller is designed. In order to generate comparison, a fuzzy controller is simply designed to compare with the sliding mode controller and observe the control effect. Finally, the designed controller is used to track and control the parking curve. The simulation is carried out by Matlab/Simulink, and the control effects of the three controllers are compared through the simulation schematic diagram. The simulation results display that the fuzzy controller has good control effect in both lateral error and heading angle error.
Key words: parallel parking; Path planning; Sliding mode control; Fuzzy control
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1课题背景 1
1.2自动泊车系统研究现状及分析 3
1.2.1国外研究现状 3
1.2.2国内研究现状 4
1.3论文研究内容及重点工作 5
1.4论文技术路线 5
1.5论文章节安排 6
第二章 车辆运动学分析 7
2.1车体建模 7
2.1.1车辆描述 7
2.1.2平行停车位描述 8
2.2车辆运动分析 8
2.3车辆运动学模型仿真验证 12
2.4本章小结 15
第三章 五次多项式路径规划与防碰撞分析 16
3.1最小车位尺寸分析 16
3.2防碰撞分析 18
3.3泊车路径规划 19
3.3.1平行泊车初步路径规划 19
3.3.2路径平滑处理 22
3.4本章小结 24
第四章 控制器设计与仿真实验 25
4.1滑模控制 25
4.1.1滑动模态 25
4.1.2滑模变结构控制的定义 26
4.2基于普通滑模控制器的路径跟踪控制 27
4.2.1跟踪系统误差分析 27
4.2.2滑模控制器设计 28
4.2.3仿真实验 29
4.3基于终端滑模控制的路径跟踪控制 31
4.3.1控制器设计 31
4.3.2仿真实验 32
4.4基于模糊控制的路径跟踪控制 34
4.4.1模糊控制 34
4.4.2仿真实验 35
4.5路径轨迹仿真对比 37
4.6本章小结 40
第五章 总结与展望 41
5.1总结 41
5.2评价 41
5.3展望 41
参考文献 43
致谢 45
附录 46
第一章 绪论
1.1课题背景
汽车工业已经快速发展了十几年,发达国家的私人汽车普及率已经很高,并且公共交通的汽车数量也在快速增加。在发展中国家,汽车市场近年来也增长迅速,特别是中国。作为世界上最大、最重要的产业之一,汽车产业的发展不仅反映人们生活的进步和需要,也反映了一个国家的国力和竞争力,使得汽车成为了人们日常生活重要的组成部分。
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