论文总字数：23462字

摘 要

气体检测仪的主要功能是完成被测气体种类和浓度的检测。气体检测仪不仅在工业生产制造、精密航空航天研发、交通检测等专业领域有丰富的应用，而且在人们日常生活中的环境监测、有毒气体报警等民用领域亦有广泛的需求。半导体型气体检测仪其内部的核心器件是半导体气体传感器。但半导体气体传感器也因受自身材料特性的限制，而致使其受环境因素影响较大，存在功耗大、信号漂移、线性差等缺点。其中，流速变化也是导致半导体气体传感器性能衰减主要因素之一。

模糊自整定PID算法用于控制微小气体流量，能够减少气体流速对半导体气体传感器的影响，提高半导体气体传感器的准确性和控制精度，进而增强气体检测仪器的精确度、稳定性、实时性。论文主要研究如下：

1．论述了气体流量控制的研究目的和意义，介绍了目前气体流量控制的现状，并具体分析了气体流量控制存在的问题。

2.气体检测仪系统的设计。主要研究了半导体型气体检测仪系统的内部结构；理解了气体检测仪主要元件半导体气体传感器的工作原理和气体流速对其性能的影响；详细设计微小气体质量流量控制系统结构。

3.模糊自整定PID算法气体流量控制的研究。阐述PID、模糊控制、模糊PID控制原理，并对以微小气体流量为被控对象的模糊自整定PID控制器进行设计。

4.气体流量控制系统仿真与分析。根据微小气体流量的数学模型，使用Simulink仿真功能完成以微小气体流量为被控对象的PID与模糊PID控制系统仿真模型，并对两个系统输出响应曲线对比分析控制效果。

关键词：模糊自整定PID算法 气体流量控制 MATLAB 半导体气体传感器

Design of gas flow control system based on

fuzzy self-tuning PID algorithm

Abstract

The main function of the gas detector is to complete the detection of the type and concentration of the measured gas. As an important branch of the instrumentation field, gas detectors not only have rich applications in professional fields such as industrial manufacturing, precision aerospace research and development, traffic detection, but also in civilian fields such as environmental monitoring and toxic gas alarms in people's daily lives. Broad demand. The core device of the semiconductor gas detector is a semiconductor gas sensor. However, the semiconductor gas sensor is also limited by its own material characteristics, which causes it to be greatly affected by environmental factors, and has the disadvantages of large power consumption, signal drift, and poor linearity. Among them, the change in flow velocity is also one of the main factors that cause the performance attenuation of the semiconductor gas sensor.

The fuzzy self-tuning PID algorithm is used to control the flow of tiny gas, which can reduce the influence of the gas flow rate on the semiconductor gas sensor, improve the accuracy and control accuracy of the semiconductor gas sensor, and thus enhance the accuracy, stability, and real-time performance of the gas detection instrument. The main research of the paper is as follows:

1. The purpose of research on gas flow control is discussed, the current status of gas flow control is introduced, and the problems in gas flow control are analyzed in detail.

2. Design of gas detector system. Mainly studied the internal structure of the semiconductor gas detector system; understood the working principle of the semiconductor gas sensor, the main component of the gas detector, and the influence of the gas flow rate on its performance; designed the structure of the micro gas mass flow control system in detail.

3. Discussion on gas flow control based on fuzzy PID algorithm. The principles of PID, fuzzy control and fuzzy PID control are described, and the fuzzy self-tuning PID controller with small gas flow as the controlled object is designed.

4. Simulation and analysis of gas flow control system. According to the mathematical model of small gas flow, the simulation model of PID and fuzzy PID control system with small gas flow as the controlled object is completed by using simulink simulation function, and the control effect is compared and analyzed by the output response curves of the two systems.

Key Words: Fuzzy self-tuning PID algorithm; Gas flow control; MATLAB; Semiconductor gas sensor

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究的背景和意义 1

1.2 课题研究现状 2

1.2.1 气体流量控制研究 2

1.2.2 气体流量控制存在的问题 3

1.3 论文结构安排 3

第二章 气体检测仪控制系统 5

2.1 气体检测仪系统结构 5

2.2 半导体气体传感器性能分析 6

2.2.1 半导体气体传感器工作原理 6

2.2.2 气体流速对半导体气体传感器性能影响 7

2.3 气体流量控制结构拓扑 8

2.4 本章小结 10

第三章 模糊自整定PID气体流量控制 12

3.1 PID控制原理 12

3.2 模糊控制原理 13

3.3 模糊自整定PID气体流量控制器设计 14

3.3.1 模糊自整定PID控制原理 14

3.3.2 语言变量、论域、模糊集及隶属函数确定 15

3.3.3 气体流量模糊规则 18

3.3.4 气体流量解模糊化运算 19

3.4 本章小结 19

第四章 气体流量控制系统仿真与分析 21

4.1 气体流量数学模型 21

4.2 PID气体流量控制系统仿真 21

4.3 模糊自整定PID气体流量控制系统仿真 23

4.4 模糊自整定PID与PID控制系统仿真分析 27

4.5 本章小结 29

第五章 总结与展望 30

5.1 总结 30

5.2 系统评价 30

5.3 展望 30

参考文献 32

致谢 34

第一章 绪论

1.1 研究的背景和意义

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