论文总字数：18688字

摘 要

当城市发展迅猛的同时，交通灯的作用正变得越来越不可或缺。自从交通灯问世以来，其内部的控制电路得到了不断的完善，设计方案也变得多种多样，使得交通灯控制系统越来越趋于智能化。如果在特殊的路口采用普通的交通灯控制系统，则会出现许多不利情况，如：南北方向为绿灯时没有车辆通行，而此时的东西方向为红灯却有多辆在等待通行；南北方向由绿灯变为红灯时却仍有大量车辆未通过，而东西方向由红灯变绿灯后却只有几辆车行驶等。这就会使得道路利用率大大下降，道路变得拥挤，因此需要对特殊道路采用智能控制方案，即使南北和东西方向的需通行车辆数量在极度不平衡的情况下也可畅通无阻。

本文是在已有的Rockwell Micrologix1500系列实验平台上，通过PLC可编程控制器来对交通灯进行智能控制，介绍了检测车流量的光电计数器和PLC的基本知识，着重完成硬件电路设计和PLC程序的编写以及组态的绘制和通信。

与传统的定时交通灯控制系统相比较，智能交通灯控制在很大程度上减少了车辆滞留现象，很好的解决了道路堵塞和车辆量不均衡等问题，大大提高了道路的使用率，也充分利用了人力和物力。

关键字：PLC 自动化 智能控制 组态

Abstract

With the continuous development of the city, the role of traffic lights is becoming more and more indispensable. Since the advent of traffic lights, its internal control circuit has been constantly improved, and the design scheme has become diverse, making the system more and more intelligent. If the ordinary traffic light control system is used at a special intersection, there will be many adverse situations, such as: when the north-south direction is green, there are no vehicles passing, while at this time, there are many vehicles waiting for traffic when the east-west direction is red; when the north-south direction is green, there are still a lot of vehicles failing to pass, and only a few vehicles driving after the east-west direction is green, etc. This will make the road utilization rate greatly reduced and the road becomes crowded. Therefore, adopting intelligent control scheme for special roads is necessary, even if the number of vehicles to pass in the north-south and east-west directions is extremely unbalanced, they can be unobstructed.

In this paper, on the existing Rockwell micrologix1500 series experimental platform, the traffic lights are intelligently controlled by PLC, the photoelectric counter for detecting traffic flow and the basic knowledge of PLC are introduced, and the hardware circuit design, the programming of PLC and the drawing and communication of configuration are emphasized.

Compared with the traditional timed traffic light control system, the intelligent traffic light control reduces the vehicle detention phenomenon, solves the problems of road congestion and vehicle imbalanceand makes full use of human and material resources.

Key Words: PLC；automation；intelligent control；configuration

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景与意义 1

1.2交通灯的发展史 1

1.3智能交通灯国内外的发展 2

1.3.1国外发展 2

1.3.2国内发展 2

1.4课题研究内容 3

第二章 智能交通灯方案设计 4

2.1方案的论证 4

2.1.1单片机控制 4

2.1.2继电器控制 4

2.1.3 PLC控制 4

2.2控制方案的确定 5

2.3车流量检测方案的比较 6

2.4设计方案 6

2.4.1普通控制 6

2.4.2智能控制 6

2.4.3急车强通控制 7

2.5通讯方案选择 7

第三章 智能交通灯的硬件设计 9

3.1系统组成总体框架 9

3.2 PLC可编程控制器 9

3.2.1PLC的介绍 9

3.2.2PLC的工作方式 9

3.2.3PLC的基本结构 10

3.3 PLC的选型 11

3.4光电计数器 12

3.5七段LED数码管 14

3.6 HMI触摸屏 15

3.7 I/O分配表 15

3.8 PLC外部接线图 16

第四章 智能交通灯的软件设计 17

4.1程序流程图 17

4.2编程步骤 18

4.3智能交通灯梯形图设计 18

4.4触摸屏内外变量映射表 20

4.5通讯 23

第五章 调试与分析 25

5.1调试过程与故障 25

5.2调试结果 26

第六章 总结与展望 28

6.1总结 28

6.2系统评价 28

6.2.1系统的优点 28

6.2.2系统不足之处 29

6.3展望 29

参考文献 30

致谢 32

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