论文总字数：57298字

摘 要

特种设备是指涉及生命安全、危险性较大的锅炉、压力容器(含气瓶)、压力管道、电梯、起重机械、客运索道、大型游乐设施和场(厂)内专用机动车辆这八大类设备。本文设计的特种设备定位跟踪系统主要安装在危险品车上。危险品在运输存在着重大的潜在危险性，历来都是交通管理部门的一个工作重点，一旦疏忽管理，在运输过程中出现抢劫、火灾、爆炸、泄漏、中毒、污染等事故，后果将会不堪设想。另一方面，司乘人员在车辆驾驶过程中存在超速、超载等违规行为，车辆行驶过程中不按照预定路线行驶或违规进出目标区域，无法及时获取危险品货物状态信息，这些因素都是安全隐a患。因此设计出一种全新的危险品车定位跟踪系统势在必行。

基于上述需求，本文设计了以TI公司的MSP430F5438A单片机为核心的实时定位系统，使用GPS卫星定位系统对危险品车进行定位，并将其位置信息通过GPRS无线网络上报到远端服务器，实现定位信息的远程获取；此外，该设计可以使用5V直流电源适配器或者使用锂电池供电，硬件设计中增加锂电池充放电管理模块，以确保锂电池正常安全使用，对过充、过放现象具有控制保护作用；该设计添加了X5045芯片功能，作为看门狗使用，使程序任何时候都可以正常运行，确保设计的可靠运行；系统设计完成后，可以对远端的危险品车的位置信息进行实施跟踪监控。

本文面向特种设备如危险品车，设计此定位系统，设计了有GPS卫星定位功能、GPRS无线数据传输功能、锂电池充放电管理功能、系统看门狗功能等功能，为实时定位物件设计提供了一个很好的实验平台。

关键词：MSP430F5438A，GPS，GPRS，看门狗， 特种设备

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Abstract

Special equipment refers to life safety, risk of large boilers, pressure vessels (including gas cylinders), pressure piping, elevators, heavy machinery, passenger ropeway, large recreation facilities and field (plant) in a special motor vehicle and equipment of the eight. Location tracking system of special equipment designed in this paper is mainly installed in dangerous goods vehicle. Dangerous goods in transport there is a significant potential risk is always one of the priorities of the traffic management department, once the negligence of management, in the transport process appear robbery, fire, explosion, leakage, poisoning, pollution accidents, consequences will be unimaginable. On the other hand, passengers in vehicles exist speeding, overloading and other irregularities, the vehicle process not according to the predetermined route or violation in and out of the target area, lack of timely access to dangerous goods state information, these factors are potential safety hazard. Therefore the design of a new dangerous goods vehicle location tracking system be imperative.Based on the above requirements, this paper designed by TI company MSP430F5438A microcontroller as the core of the real-time positioning system, special equipment for positioning using the GPS satellite positioning system, and the location information is submitted to the remote server through the GPRS wireless network, location information to achieve remote access; in addition, the design can use DC power adapter or 5V the use of lithium battery power supply, increase the lithium battery charge and discharge management module in the hardware design, to ensure the normal use of the safety of lithium battery, overcharge, overdischarge phenomenon with control protection; this design added the X5045 chip function, used as a watchdog, the program at any time can be normal operation, to ensure reliable operation of the design; after the completion of the system design, location of the remote device for the implementation of the tracking and monitoring.

For the special equipment such as dangerous goods vehicles, the positioning system design, design of the GPS global satellite positioning system, GPRS wireless data transmission function, lithium battery charge and discharge management function, system watchdog function function, real-time positioning object design provides a good experimental platform.

KeyWords：MSP430F5438A, GPS, GPRS, watchdog,special equipment.

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录 IV

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题的研究背景 1

1.2本系统的发展状况 1

1.3课题的主要研究内容及要解决的关键问题 2

1.4论文的结构安排 3

2系统方案的选择以及整体方案的确定 4

2.1主控芯片的选择 4

2.2定位模块的选择 5

2.3网络模块的选择 6

2.4系统最终方案的选择与可行性分析 6

3系统硬件的选择与设计 7

3.1系统的功能分析及体系结构设计 7

3.2单片机核心系统电路设计 7

3.3GPS定位采集电路 11

3.4GPRS数据上报电路 13

3.5锂电池充放电电路 15

3.6看门狗电路 18

3.7电源电路 20

4系统的软件实现 22

4.1软件设计思想 22

4.2软件流程图 22

4.3主函数设计（子函数程序见附录） 24

5系统的调试 41

5.1 电源电路的调试 41

5.2 单片机电路的调试 41

5.3 GPS模块的调试 41

5.4 GPRS模块电路调试 41

5.5 看门狗电路的调试 41

5.6 锂电池充放电路调试 41

5.7本章小结 42

结论 42

参考文献 43

致谢 45

附录一、系统原理图 47

附录二、系统PCB图 48

附录三、系统实物图 50

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