论文总字数：16925字

摘 要

随着我们国家经济的快速发展，出租车行业也开始逐渐发展起来，它已经变成了大家出行的必备的交通工具而且人们越来越依赖出租车。我们国家在过去用于出租车的计价器大多只有比较单一的计价功能。与此同时，大多数的计价器都来自台湾，国内很少有生产计价器的厂家，出租车行业不断发展，其市场需求将会扩大是毋庸置疑的，所以在未来的出租车计价器的市场一定会有非常大的潜力。

这次基于单片机技术的出租车计价器系统设计可以分成六个模块，他们分别是存储模块、计时模块、主控模块、显示模块、电机驱动模块和按键模块。采用DS1302时钟芯片精准的计算时间，同时利用3v干电池对其供电，使其可以在重新上电时不再需要重新调整时间。采用LCD1602液晶显示和AT24c02芯片作为存储模块，在掉电时依然可以存储之前计费的数据，就算掉电也不会丢失数据。更加逼真的是，用3v直流电机模拟出租车的发动机。当出租车上面没有乘客时，液晶显示时间，与此同时，司机可以通过按键对时间进行设置调整。当出租车上有乘客时，可以通过按键进行计费设置调整单价，其中包括白天和晚上的收费标准以及高速和低速的收费标准，在高速时可以按照里程数来收费，在低速时可以按照时间来收费。

关键词： 计价器；时钟；单片机

Design of taxi pricing system based on single chip microcomputer

Abstract

With the rapid development of our national economy, the taxi industry has gradually developed. It has become an essential means of transportation for everyone and people are increasingly relying on taxis. Most of the meters used in taxis in our country in the past have only a single pricing function. At the same time, Taiwan produces 90% of the world's meters. Taxi has become very popular in many cities, so the technology related to taxi metering has matured, but the market for taxi metering still has a very promising future. The construction of the city is perfect day by day, and the taxi industry, which has an important influence on the city's appearance, will also develop rapidly. The market demand for taxi meter will be expanded, so there is no doubt in the future market of taxi meter. There must be great potential.

The design of the taxi meter system based on single-chip technology can be divided into six modules, which are storage module, timing module, main control module, display module, motor drive module and button module. This design uses the STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer as the control chip of the main control module, and then cooperates with the peripheral devices of the single-chip microcomputer to complete the control of the whole system. The DS1302 clock chip uses the accurate calculation time and powers it with a 3v dry battery, so that it can be re-adjusted when it is powered back on. The LCD1602 liquid crystal display and the AT24c02 chip are used as the storage module, and the previously billed data can still be stored when the power is turned off, and the data will not be lost even if the power is turned off. More realistic is to simulate the taxi engine with a 3v DC motor. When there is no passenger on the taxi, the LCD displays the time. At the same time, the driver can adjust the time by pressing the button. When there are passengers on the taxi, you can adjust the unit price by pressing the button, including the day and night charges and the high and low speed charges. You can charge the mileage at high speed and the time at low speed.

Keywords: meter， clock，single chip microcomputer

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 引 言 1

1.1课题的提出 1

1.2课题研究的现状和发展历史及意义 1

1.3设计思路和方法 1

1.4论文构成及研究内容 2

第二章 系统整体设计 3

2.1 总体方案设计 3

2.2 系统组成 3

2.3 方案论证与比较 3

2.3.1 电源模块的方案论证与比较 3

2.3.2 显示模块的方案论证与比较 4

2.3.3单片机控模块的方案论证和比较 4

2.3.4计时模块的方案论证与比较 4

2.3.5最终方案的确定 4

第三章 硬件电路的设计 5

3.1 单片机主控模块 5

3.2 电机驱动模块 6

3.2.1 霍尔传感器测距原理 6

3.2.2 霍尔传感器测距的特点与优点 7

3.3 时钟模块 8

3.3.1 DS1302时钟芯片性能介绍 8

3.3.2 DS1302时钟芯片与单片机的接线图 8

3.3.3 DS1302时钟芯片时序图 9

3.4 AT24C02存储模块 9

3.4.1 IIC总线介绍 9

3.4.2 IIC总线的硬件结构与数据传输 9

3.5 按键模块 10

3.6 LCD1602液晶显示模块 11

第四章 软件设计及编程注意事项 13

4.1 软件开发平台介绍 13

4.2 主程序流程图 14

4.3 LCD1602控制器的使用及初始化过程 15

4.4 DS1302时钟芯片的编程注意事项 15

4.5 AT24C02存储芯片的编程注意事项 16

第五章 制作与调试 18

5.1 制作流程 18

5.2 调试 18

5.3 调试的结果 19

致 谢 24

参考文献（References） 25

附录一 原理图 26

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