论文总字数：19033字

摘 要

随着电梯的地位与作用也越来越突出，保障其运行安全成为了至关重要的环节。因此，我们需要提前防范电梯在使用中可能出现地突发情况。基于此，设计一种监控灯光照明、火光点、烟雾等报警信号，显示相关报警信号及时间，准确发射相关报警信息，具备无线报警的发射系统。

本设计以无线通信模块、单片机技术和火焰与烟雾传感器为核心，实现对电梯环境的监测和报警。选用STC89C52RC单片机作为核心控制器件；采用MQ-2气体传感器实现烟雾气体检测；采用红外传感器实现火焰检测；选用NRF24L01芯片作为无线通信模块的主体；液晶显示则采用LCD1602液晶显示屏。其中采用NRF24L01芯片是本设计的一个特点。NRF24L01是一款采用 FSK 调制的单片式收发芯片，很适合应用于MAU系统无线通信功能的构建，其协议采用Enhanced Short Burst协议。具有载波检测以及自动应答和重发功能。火焰传感器则采用对光谱较为敏感的红外接收头组合以LM393芯片（专业电压比较器）。烟雾传感器则采用MQ-2气敏传感器（可检测烟雾和多种易燃气体）同样组合以LM393芯片。本设计为无线报警发射系统，结合实际需求，具有一定的实用价值。

关键词：单片机；无线通信模块；烟雾火光；传感器

Based on the microcontroller wireless alarm emission design

Abstract

With the status and role of elevator is becoming more and more prominent, to ensure its operation safety has become a vital link. Therefore, we need to guard against unexpected situations in the use of elevators in advance. Based on this, a monitoring lighting, fire points, smoke and other alarm signals are designed to display the relevant alarm signals and times, accurately transmit relevant alarm information, with wireless alarm transmission system.

This design takes wireless communication module, microcontroller technology and flame and smoke sensor as the core, and realizes the monitoring and alarm of elevator environment. The STC89C52RC microcontroller is selected as the core controller. MQ-2 gas sensor is used to detect smoke gas. The use of infrared sensors to achieve flame detection; The NRF24L01 chip is chosen as the main body of the wireless communication module. The LCD display is using the LCD1602 LCD display. The use of NRF24L01 chip is a feature of this design. The NRF24L01 is a single-chip transceiver chip modulation by FSK, ideal for the construction of wireless communication functions in MAU systems, and its protocol uses the Enhanced Burst Protocol. It has carrier detection and automatic answer and reissing. Flame sensors use a combination of infrared receiver heads that are sensitive to spectra to the LM393 chip (professional voltage comparator). The smoke sensor uses the same combination of MQ-2 gas-sensitive sensors (which detect smoke and a variety of flammable gases) to the LM393 chip. This design is a wireless alarm transmission system, combined with the actual needs, has a certain practical value.

Keywords: microcontroller; Wireless communications; Fire signal; sensor

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 序 言 1

1.1 选题背景 1

1.1 选题意义 1

1.2 主要研究内容 1

第二章 无线报警发射系统总设计方案 2

2.1 设计工作内容与要求 2

2.2 无线报警发射系统硬件总体设计 2

2.3 硬件部分主要元器件的选取 3

2.3.1 单片机控制器的选取 3

2.3.2 烟雾和火光传感器的选取 4

2.3.3 显示屏的选取 4

2.3.4 无线通信装置的选取 5

第三章 硬件设计 6

3.1 硬件总流程图设计 6

3.2 单片机最小系统 6

3.3 液晶显示模块 7

3.4 传感器模块 9

3.4.1 烟雾传感器 9

3.4.2 火焰传感器 10

3.5 无线通信发射模块 11

3.6 按键复位模块 13

3.7 蜂鸣器模块与报警灯 14

第四章 软件设计 16

4.1 软件程序总流程图设计 16

4.2 部分模块软件程序设计 16

4.2.1主程序设计 16

4.2.2液晶显示程序设计 18

4.2.3 火焰传感器程序设计 19

4.2.4 无线通信发射程序设计 20

第五章 验证与调试 26

5.1 无线报警系统实物组成 26

5.1.1 无线报警发射系统组成 26

5.1.2 无线报警接收系统组成 27

5.2 无线报警发射系统硬件调试 28

5.3 无线报警系统硬件联动调试 28

第六章 结束语 29

致 谢 30

参考文献 31

附 录 32

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