论文总字数：14890字

摘 要

改革开发以来，普通人的生活水平日益提高，对生活要求也越来越高，但是随着时代的发展，人们对个人财产防范意识也在加强。过去大家为保护珍贵物品所使用的机械锁虽然也在变化升级，比如锁芯从传统的锁芯升级为弹子锁，钥匙齿做的更加复杂等，但这些变化都还只是传统上的开锁方式，使用铁丝等工具还是有办法将其撬开，这样锁也就失去了它的意义。如今，在信息化的今天，我们可以利用单片机等硬件电路与和软件程序来实现电子密码锁，相比传统的机械锁，它摒弃了实体的钥匙，取而代之的是一串数字，只要输入几个数字就可实现锁具的开关，在软件设计上多设置几步甚至还可以有报警等功能。数字密码锁的特点包括能耗低、上手操作简单、制作成本低、安全性高等，此类产品的出现让人们的财产安全保护有了更强有力的保障，同时促进了信息安全的发展。

本设计主要由STC89C52单片机系统作为核心、LCD1602作为显示屏、4*4矩阵键盘作为键盘输入和蜂鸣器组成的报警电路等电路组成，结合电脑软件写入程序到单片机里，最终可以实现输入正确密码解锁、输入三次错误密码蜂鸣器将报警并锁定键盘、可修改密码、输入管理员密码可以重置系统等功能。本设计可以实现基本的电子密码锁功能。

关键词：单片机；密码；电子锁；安全

Abstract

Since the reform and development, the standard of living of ordinary people has been improved day by day, and their requirements for life have become higher and higher. However, with the development of the times, people’s awareness of personal property protection has also increased. Although the mechanical locks that everyone used to protect precious items in the past are also changing and upgrading, for example, the lock cylinder is upgraded from a traditional lock cylinder to a pin lock, and the key teeth are more complicated, but these changes are only the traditional unlocking method. There is still a way to pry it open with iron wire and other tools, so the lock loses its meaning. Nowadays, in the era of information technology, we can use hardware circuits such as single-chip microcomputers and software programs to realize electronic password locks. Compared with traditional mechanical locks, it discards the physical key and replaces it with a string of numbers. Just enter a few The number can realize the switch of the lock, set a few more steps in the software design and even have functions such as alarm. The characteristics of digital code locks include low energy consumption, easy operation, low production cost, high security, etc. The emergence of such products has made people's property safety protection more powerful, and at the same time promoted the development of information security.

This design is mainly composed of STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer system as the core, LCD1602 as the display screen, 4*4 matrix keyboard as the keyboard input and the alarm circuit composed of the buzzer, combined with the computer software to write the program into the single-chip microcomputer, and finally realize the correct input Unlock the password, enter three incorrect passwords, the buzzer will alarm and lock the keyboard, the password can be modified, and the administrator password can be reset to reset the system. This design can realize the basic electronic code lock function.

Keywords: single chip microcomputer; password; electronic lock; security

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1选题的背景 1

1.2电子密码锁发展趋势 1

1.3课题研究主要内容 1

第二章 系统设计总体方案及主要元器件介绍 3

2.1设计方案论述 3

2.1.1设计研究方案 3

2.1.2单片机的选择 3

2.1.3显示器的选择 4

2.1.4键盘的选择 4

2.2主要元器件介绍 4

2.2.1单片机STC89C52 4

2.2.2存储芯片AT24C02 6

2.2.3液晶显示器LCD1602 7

第三章 系统硬件电路的设计 9

3.1系统设计总体框图 9

3.2系统整体硬件电路设计 9

3.2.1最小系统电路 9

3.2.2键盘电路 10

3.2.3显示电路 11

3.2.4密码存储电路 11

3.2.5电源电路 12

3.2.6报警电路 12

3.2.7开锁电路 13

第四章 系统功能的软件设计 14

4.1软件介绍 14

4.1.1 Proteus 14

4.1.2 Keil 14

4.1.3 Altium Designer 14

4.2程序使用说明及流程图 14

4.2.1程序使用说明 14

4.2.2主程序流程图 15

4.2.3键盘扫描流程图 15

4.2.4设置密码流程图 16

第五章 仿真和调试 18

5.1 Proteus仿真 18

5.2硬件电路焊接 21

5.3调试问题及解决方法 22

5.4实物图展示 22

第六章 总结 27

致 谢 28

参考文献 29

附 录 30

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