论文总字数：16579字

摘 要

随着山羊养殖业的快速发展，山羊数量不断增加，很多畜牧场的规模达到几千头甚至上万头，称重问题成为了困扰养殖人员的难题。传统的靠人力进行称重、逐个用笔记录数据的方式，花费成本高、工作效率低，这种工作模式也成为了阻碍养殖业发展的重要问题。为满足养殖业自动化、智能化发展的需要，解决称重时工作效率低下、称重人员体力消耗等问题，本课题设计了一种适用于养殖业的山羊远程称重系统。

此系统主要通过PLC技术来对山羊称重进行管理，通过几个模块的设计来实现所要求的功能。其中红外检测模块是用来控制闸门的开关，当红外传感器检测到山羊信号后闸门开启，山羊进入闸道后闸门关闭。称重部分则是将四个称重传感器分别放在四个角来对山羊进行称重测量，当山羊进入闸道5秒后对山羊开始称重，称重完成后将四个取样信号相加得到山羊最终的数据。为了能够实时监测山羊的称重数据，此系统还设计了远程通讯模块，手机与PLC进行通信主要是通过维控慧网（V-NET）,通过慧网的第三方接口，可以在手机与受控设备之间进行实时通讯，在受控设备之间也可实时共享数据。通过红外检测模块、称重模块、远程通讯模块、显示模块等多个模块的设计，最终实现了本课题的设计要求。

可以说，山羊远程称重系统给畜牧业带来了直接的经济效益，首先降低了人员数量及管理成本，其次提高了工作效率，最后能够实时共享数据。山羊远程称重系统对畜牧业的发展具有积极的作用，实现了山羊称重的简单化、高效化、自动化，具有一个非常光明的前景。

关键字：PLC；红外传感器；称重传感器；自动化

Design of remote weighing system for goats based on PLC

Abstract

With the rapid development of goat breeding industry, the number of goats is increasing, and the scale of many livestock farms has reached thousands or even tens of thousands of heads. The weighing problem has become a difficult problem for breeding staff. The traditional methods of manual weighing and manual data recording are high cost and low efficiency, which cannot meet the scale and automation of goat breeding. In order to meet the needs of the intelligent development of aquaculture industry and solve the problems of low weighing efficiency and manual energy consumption, a remote weighing system based on PLC is designed in this paper.

This system mainly manages goat weighing through PLC technology, and realizes the required functions through the design of several modules. The infrared detection module is used to control the switch of the gate. When the infrared sensor detects the goat signal, the gate opens, and when the goat enters the gate, the gate closes. In the weighing part, four weighing sensors are placed at four corners to weigh the goat. When the goat enters the gate for 5 seconds, the goat begins to weigh. After weighing, the four sampling signals are added to get the final data of the goat. In order to monitor the weighing data of goats in real time, the system also designed a remote communication module. The communication between the mobile phone and PLC is mainly through V-NET, and through the third-party interfaces such as HTTP/OPC/MQTT of Huiwang, the real-time communication between the mobile phone and the controlled equipment can be realized, and the data can also be shared between the controlled equipment in real time. Through the design of infrared detection module, weighing module, remote communication module, display module and other modules, the design requirements of this subject are finally realized.

It can be said that the goat remote weighing system has brought direct economic benefits to animal husbandry, firstly reducing the number of personnel and management costs, secondly improving work efficiency, and finally sharing data in real time. Goat remote weighing system plays a positive role in the development of animal husbandry, which realizes simplification, high efficiency and automation of goat weighing and has a very bright future.

Keywords:PLC; Infrared Sensor;Weighing Sensor;Automation

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 课题选题背景和意义 1

1.2 国内外研究发展现状 1

1.2.1 国外研究现状 1

1.2.2 国内研究现状 2

1.3 设计思路和工作原理 2

1.3.1 设计思路 2

1.3.2 工作原理 2

1.4论文主要内容和章节安排 2

第二章 方案设计 4

2.1 方案的设计要求 4

2.2 主控系统 4

2.3 红外线光电开关工作原理 5

2.4 称重传感器工作原理 6

第三章 系统的硬件设计 7

3.1 系统硬件结构 7

3.2 红外检测传感器 7

3.3 称重传感器 8

3.4 4G通讯模块 10

第四章 系统的软件设计 13

4.1 软件编写工具介绍 13

4.2 总流程图 13

4.2.1 称重子程序的流程图 15

4.2.2 无线传输的子程序流程图 15

第五章 调试与分析 17

5.1 系统的连接 17

5.2 程序的仿真 18

5.3 系统的仿真 21

5.4 设计的难点与反思 23

第六章 结束语 26

致 谢 27

参考文献 28

附 录 29

第一章 绪论

1.1 课题选题背景和意义

随着科学技术的快速发展，生产力的不断提高，各行各业都需要提高自动化程度以节省劳动力，提高效率。称重技术正成为全球热门新科技,随着其在煤矿运输、化工业、冶金业等领域的广泛应用，自动称重技术将逐渐取代人工称重。尤其是在动物称重方面，在大型羊场或试验基地，山羊的活体称重是一件极其费时费力的工作。首先，地磅需要设在固定地点，在称重时不能移动，而且动物称重具有很多不确定因素，容易造成数据不准确。其次，采用传统的称重技术需要大量的人力，人工体力消耗较大，工作效率很低。

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