1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）In his second language acquisition (SLA) theory, Krashen points out that there are two main ways to improve learners foreign language proficiency: language learning and language acquisition. The former one refers to the conscious learning of foreign language knowledge (including grammar, rules, pronunciation and vocabulary knowledge); while the latter one is similar to the acquisition of a mother tongue by children, which is obtained through natural communication of language. According to Krashen, language learning is based on a sufficient amount of comprehensible language input (reading and listening). Reading and listening, as comprehension skills, are the channels to acquire language knowledge and indispensable ways to lay a solid foundation of language. They are also the premises of language output like speaking, writing and translating.Many researchers have tried to give a thorough definition of L2 proficiency, but it is

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献） 2. Literature Review 2.1 Theoretical issues 2.1.1 Listening comprehension The importance of listening has led to abundant studies on the nature of listening comprehension. Traditionally, listening and reading are considered as sharing a number of similarities. However, compared to reading, listening is less studied. As Weir(1993) claimed, ” much of the current thinking on the nature of listening comprehension is based on the earlier work of reading comprehension.” In recent years, with the development of cognitive theories, people begin to gain a better understanding of the nature of listening comprehension. In contrast with behaviorists, cognitive researchers hold that listening comprehension involves more than simply perceiving aural stimuli, and listeners are considered as active rather than passive. More specifically, listening comprehension is now considered as an active process, in which listeners fo

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述） The Purpose and Significance of Design The electric power steering system is directly assisted by the electric booster, eliminating the power steering pump, hose and other necessary hydraulic power steering system devices, not only conducive to energy saving but also to protecting the environment. In addition, it has the characteristics of simple adjustment, flexible assembly and the ability to provide steering power in a variety of conditions. When the driver is operating the steering wheel for steering, the torque sensor detects the steering of the steering disk and the size of the torque, it then transports the voltage signal to the electronic control unit, and the electronic control unit issues instructions to the motor controller based on the torque voltage signal, rotation direction and speed signal detected by the torque sensor so that the motor output of the corresponding size and direction of the steering force torque, resulting

全文总字数：11500字1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述） The Purpose and Significance of Design The electric power steering system is directly assisted by the electric booster, eliminating the power steering pump, hose and other necessary hydraulic power steering system devices, not only conducive to energy saving but also to protecting the environment. In addition, it has the characteristics of simple adjustment, flexible assembly and the ability to provide steering power in a variety of conditions. When the driver is operating the steering wheel for steering, the torque sensor detects the steering of the steering disk and the size of the torque, it then transports the voltage signal to the electronic control unit, and the electronic control unit issues instructions to the motor controller based on the torque voltage signal, rotation direction and speed signal detected by the torque sensor so that the motor output of the corresponding size and direction of the steeri

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）1.IntroductionArticlesin English system includes the definite article the, indefinite articlea(n)，and the zero(ornull)article / ．Grammatically，they are function words meaning to link or to joint and have littlelexical content. In the acquisition of English, however, Article is one of themost difficult structural elements for EFL learner; even the most advancednon-native speakers of English are included. When it comes to EFL , an obviousissue is learners may be effected by their mother tongue, in which it lacksarticles, so do Chinese English learners． 1.1 Need for the studyIt has been a long time since articles were systematicallystudied by scholars in the field of linguistics. However, the use of Englisharticles by Chinese EFL learners has been studied in depth. Therefore, thesestudies cannot give a comprehensive understanding of Chinese EFL learnerscommand of the English article system. Furthermore，as for the studie

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）1. Introduction With the development of economic and political globalization, English has become the language of the world. More and more non-English speakers study English as their foreign language. Oral proficiency is now one of the most important principles to identify the English levels in EFL learners. As for the oral fluency, pause is a significant index for measurement in the existing domestic and foreign researches. What#8217;s more, the features of pauses in EFL learners with different oral proficiency are also different. 1.1Need for the study Pause is a basic feature of natural language output. For native speakers, it is necessary for the stop of natural verbal communication. Pause has many functions, such as ease of online speech load control or direct turn in discourse, and discourse markers of sentences and sentence boundaries (Yang, 2004). However, as for second language learners, pause or L2 unfluency perf

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）1. Introduction English is one of the most common languages in the world, and people from different countries can communicate with each other in English in order to establish business relations at home and abroad or disseminate national advanced culture to the world. Therefore, increasing number of parents and teachers attach much importance to English study. English study consists of four parts, including listening, speaking, reading, writing, and among all these parts English listening comprehension plays a critical role. People with good listening comprehension can not only understand others better in the communication process but also talk easily with each other and apply new knowledge they have acquired. Because of the importance of listening comprehension, people are supposed to pay much attention to improve it. According to the previous researches, there are many factors which influence English listening comprehension,

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献） Abstract This study investigates how two captioning types can assist EFL learners in the listening comprehension of English video. The participants, 90 first-year non-English majors of the same English proficiency from a University in China were randomly assigned into three groups and watched three short English videos in one of the three conditions. The control group (n=30) watched the video clips without captions; the second group (n=30) watched fully captioned video clips; the third group (n=30) watched keyword captioned video clips. After viewing each video clip, all the participants took a listening comprehension test, including 4 multiple choice questions and true-or-false questions. The results of the listening tests revealed that using captioned videos had a significant effect on the listening comprehension test of EFL learners. Additionally, there were no significant differences between the group with keywor

1. 研究目的与意义对于非英语专业的学生来说，英语学习中产生的焦虑是一个很重要的问题。同时，这个问题也引起了很多研究者和专家的注意。本文着重于研究非英语专业学生在外语学习中产生的焦虑，根据很多前人所做研究得出的结论，结合作者给南京中医药大学经贸管理学院86名非英语专业学生所做的关于外语学习状况的调查问卷。作者的问卷是根据霍维茨和他的同事一起发表的外语课堂焦虑量表而制作的(FLCAS)。为了方便填写问卷者更好理解问卷并且找出外语学习中产生焦虑的原因，作者将其中部分的问题翻译成了中文，继而让他们填写。2. 文献综述Ma Zhixia(2013) finds that foreign language study is much easier to cause anxiety for students than other subjects in school.There are three types of foreign language study anxiety Wang Yinquan(2001) said: (1) English speaking and English comprehension anx

1. 研究目的与意义Intercultural communication has become a gradually mature and systematic subject in many developed countries while there is no obvious progress in our country, so it is necessary for us to speed up the pace. The significance of the thesis will be listed as follows. Firstly, studying intercultural communication helps to stimulate studentsinterests in cross-cultural learning. Secondly, a vast amount of cultural knowledge can not only enrich the horizons, but also have a positive effect on English reading, which has many benefits on improving reading skills and abilities. Thirdly, further globalization requires more and more international talents and it has become a clear objective on high educations. English teaching is not just teaching language itself, but now focuses more on developing studentsability to apply foreign languages into the intercultural communications in the future. Therefore, study on intercultural communications has practical significance on Eng