1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述）

research purpose

this paper aims to analyze the posttraumatic growth of lindsey salmon in the lovely bones. alice sebold, the author of the lovely bones, was raped when she was a college student. susie’s experience can be seen as a reflection of sebold’s painful memory. alice sebold, as a traumatized writer, did not choose to put all of her emotion into the traumatized susie. instead, she put much of her positive emotion in to the characterization of lindsey salmon. to analyze lindsey salmon from the perspective of psychology not only contributes to the understanding of the theme as well as the character, but also contributes to the interpretation of the characterizing intention of a traumatized writer.

this paper aims to fulfill its task from three aspects--lindsey salmon and bereavement, the posttraumatic stress disorder, and the posttraumatic growth. in the story, susie salmon’s being murdered means lindsey’s bereavement, which causes lindsey traumatic grief. susie went to her paradise after death, while lindsey had to deal with all kinds of problems in the wake of susie’s death. she confronted three major contradictions--susie’s death vs lindsey’s life, parents’ indifference vs need for connection, outsiders’ concern vs need for isolation--which aggravated he posttraumatic stress. if susie salmon reflects the painful memory of alice sebold, lindsey salmon represents the author’s desired reconfiguration. with subjective and objective factors functioning together, lindsey fulfilled her posttraumatic growth. from avoidance to acceptance, from detachment to re-connection, from internalizing problems to expressing emotions, lindsey gradually recovered from her trauma and continued her life. this paper refers to stephen joseph’s research on posttraumatic growth, analyzing the poattraumatic growth of lindsey form personal changes, philosophical changes, and relationship changes.

2. 研究的基本内容与方案

basic contents

1. lindsey salmon and bereavement

3. 研究计划与安排

the deadline for the application of the teacher: 2017-12-31

the deadline for student selection: 2018-01-10

the deadline for the opening report of the institute: 2018-03-19

4. 参考文献（12篇以上）

literature review

american psychiatric association gives a systematic diagnostic criteria of posttraumatic disorder in the fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, pointing out that the trauma-related disorder is expressed as an internalizing disorder with depressive symptoms and withdrawn behavior. in mental health of adolescents before and after the death of a parent or sibling, yvonne stikkelbroek, denise h.m. bodden, ellen reitz, wilma a.m. vollebergh, and anneloes l. van baar find that internalizing problems in family-bereaved increased significantly in comparison to non-bereaved from pre to post (loss) and that the increase in internalizing problems after sibling bereavement was higher than after parental bereavement. kim bartholomew and leonard m. horowitz point out in attachment styles among young adults: a test of a four-category model that people of the dismissing attachment style shows an avoidance of intimacy and need for others' acceptance to maintain a positive self-regard. the above psychological knowledge and findings are conducive to the verification of the posttraumatic stress disorder of lindsey salmon in the lovely bones and to the understanding of the description of her internalizing problems and behaviors of avoidance.

in what doesn’t kill us the new psychology of posttraumatic growth, stephen joseph defines posttraumatic growth as the reconfigurations of people who may remain emotional affected but experience a positive change in their sense of self, views on life, priorities, and goals for the future. he also point out that posttraumatic growth encompasses many aspects of reconfiguration following trauma, but three in particular are most commonly reported: personal changes, philosophical changes, and relationship changes. richard g. tedeschi and lawrence g. calhoun put forward that people who fulfill the posttraumatic behavior my show changes in new possibilities, relating to others, personal strength, spiritual change, and appreciation of life in the posttraumatic growth inventory: measuring the positive legacy of trauma. these finds prove that traumalized lindsey is possible to fulfill her posttraumatic growth and the changes can be seen from many aspects.