摘 要

计划生育这一基本国策确立三十多年以来，为减轻我国人口激增带来的人口压力做出了巨大贡献，同时造就了大量的独生子女家庭，也在一定意义上造就了无数失独家庭。目前，我国的社会保障体系尚未完善，特别是养老保障体系无法满足老年人的养老需求，这一问题在失独老人群体体现的更加明显，对于失独老人群体来说，如何获得足够的情感支持和养老保障自然就成为一个应当被关注的焦点问题。在本文中，笔者对失独老人的养老现状和相关问题产生的原因进行了分析，运用文献法和数据分析法了解国家在失独老人养老保障方面的一些政策以及失独老人在生活和心理方面的真实状态，分析他们真正的内心诉求，并进一步揭示其在养老方面的生活困境与心理困境，从各方面为其养老问题与生活重建提出积极的建议与对策，帮助失独老人能够在物质与精神双层面得到应有的关怀，度过一个幸福快乐的晚年生活。

关键词：失独老人，养老，困境，重建

Abstract

China's family planning policy has been implemented for more than 30 years，which not only has produced tens of thousands of only child families, but also in a certain sense has created countless Child-lost Family. For the moment, China's old-age security system is not perfect, and the old-age security system for the lost alone old man still has many problems. So, for the huge number of Child-lost Family, lost only child old man's emotional dependence and old-age security naturally become a more prominent social problem. This article aims at the lost only child old man on the pension status and analyses its cause. Using literature and data analysis to find out the elderly pension policies in china, and lost only child old man's true state in life and the psychological aspect. Through the analysis of their true inner demands, we can reveal their plight in the life and psychological difficulties. Thus, positive suggestions and countermeasures could be put forward from all aspects in their pension problems and the reconstruction of life, helping the lost alone old man to get proper care in material and spiritual level and achieve a sense of security, a feeling of happiness.

Key words: lost only child old man, pension, dilemma, reconstruction

目 录

第1章 绪论.............................................................................................................................. 1

第2章 失独老人的生活现状分析

2.1经济困难，生活难以维持.......................................................................................... 2

2.2失去独子，无人照料.................................................................................................. 2

2.3老年丧子，精神痛苦

2.3.1孤独心理............................................................................................................ 3

2.3.2自卑心理...........................................................................................................3-4

2.3.3逃避心理..............................................................................................................4

第3章 失独老人的养老困境及产生的原因

3.1 现实困境..................................................................................................................... 5

3.2制度困境..................................................................................................................... 5

3.3观念困境.....................................................................................................................5-6

3.4情感困境..................................................................................................................... 6

3.5养老困境产生的原因

3.5.1养老制度不完善.................................................................................................. 6

3.5.2政策环节薄弱，补贴力度不够.........................................................................6-7

第4章 失独老人的生活重建

4.1政策支持

4.1.1规范制度设计....................................................................................................... 8

4.1.2完善相关政策及措施.......................................................................................... 8

4.1.3变革养老方式......................................................................................................8-9

4.2生活照料

4.2.1社会养老托底，配合全方位的生活照料.......................................................... 9

4.2.2加强社区建设..................................................................................................... 9

4.3精神慰藉.................................................................................................................... 10

第5章 结语.............................................................................................................................. 11

第6章 参考文献...................................................................................................................... 12

致谢................................................................................................................................ 13

第1章 绪论