摘 要

近些年来，欺凌现象在中小学校园中频频发生。校园欺凌给被欺凌者造成身体和精神上的伤害，影响他们的人格发展。对待被欺凌者则应该帮助他们重拾信心和勇气，减缓他们的焦虑和不安。同时我们还应关注实施欺凌者，在大多数的校园欺凌现象中实施欺凌者也是青少年，他们的人格特征和生活背景也是我们了解以及解决这个问题的切入点。本论文旨在研究农村初中生校园欺凌行为的现状，基于对某中学校园欺凌行为的调查，采用量化和质化研究相结合的研究方法，通过问卷调查法和访谈法收集资料，分析校园欺凌现象发生频发的影响因素，了解欺凌行为的实施者和被欺凌者的生活背景及个人特征，探讨校园欺凌产生的影响，最后提出改善这一状况的对策，希望能够减少校园欺凌的行为。

关键词：农村；初中生；校园欺凌； 影响因素； 对策

Abstract

In recent years, the phenomenon of bullying in schools frequently occurs. School bullying brings the victims physical and mental harm, which further affect their personality development. We should treat the bullying victims by helping them regain confidence and courage, releasing their anxiety and unease. Meanwhile, we should also pay attention on the bully, who conducts bullying in schools and most of them are also adolescents. Knowing their personality characteristics and life background can help us understand and solve the issue. This thesis aims to study the status quo of school bullying behavior in rural junior high school. Quantitative and qualitative research method are combined adopted in this study. Data are collected through questionnaires and interviews in the selected high school. Factors relating to the bullying phenomenon are explored, life background and personal characteristics of the bully and the victims are investigated, and the impacts of school bullying are also discussed. Finally the measures to improve the situation and to reduce the occurrence of school bullying are proposed.

Key Words: rural area;junior students; school bullying;influencing factors;countermeasure

目 录

第1章 绪论……………………………………………………………………………………....1

1.1研究背景…………………………………………………………………………………1

1.2研究的意义……………………………………………………………………………....1

1.3国内外研究现状…………………………………………………………………………2

1.3.1国内研究现状……………………………………………………………………...2

1.3.2国外研究现状……………………………………………………………………...4

1.3.3文献述评…………………………………………………………………………...5

第2章 理论基础…………………………………………………………………………………7

2.1校园欺凌的相关概念…………………………………………………………………....7

2.2理论基础………………………………………………………………………………....8

2.2.1社会学习理论……………………………………………………………………...8

2.2.2挫折-攻击理论..……………………………………………………………………8

2.2.3心理理论…………………………………………………………………………...8

2.2.4认知理论…………………………………………………………………………...9

2.2.5社会生态系统理论………………………………………………………………...9

2.3本文的研究框架………………………………………………………………………..9

第3章 研究方法………………………………………………………………………………..10

3.1研究方案………………………………………………………………………………..10

3.2研究方法………………………………………………………………………………..10

3.2.1问卷调查法……………………………………………………………………….10

3.2.2访谈法…………………………………………………………………………….11

3.3调查的基本情况………………………………………………………………………..11

3.3.1前期准备………………………………………………………………………….11

3.3.2调查实施………………………………………………………………………….12

第4章 研究结果分析…………………………………………………………………………..13

4.1本地区初中生校园欺凌行为的现状…………………………………………………. 13

4.1.1从年级分析……………………………………………………………………….13

4.1.2从性别分析……………………………………………………………………….14

4.2欺凌行为的方式………………………………………………………………………..14

4.3欺凌者被欺凌者的特征………………………………………………………………..15

4.4校园欺凌行为的影响因素……………………………………………………………..16

4.4.1个人因素………………………………………………………………………….17

4.4.2家庭因素………………………………………………………………………….18

4.4.3学校因素………………………………………………………………………….18

4.4.4社会因素………………………………………………………………………….19

第5章 对策与建议……………………………………………………………………………..20

5.1个人层面………………………………………………………………………………..20

5.1.1被欺凌者………………………………………………………………………….20

5.1.2欺凌者…………………………………………………………………………….20

5.1.3旁观者…………………………………………………………………………….20

5.2家庭层面………………………………………………………………………………..21

5.2.1良好的教养方式………………………………………………………………….21

5.2.2及时的沟通……………………………………………………………………….21

5.2.3温暖的家庭氛围………………………………………………………………….21

5.3学校层面………………………………………………………………………………..21

5.3.1优化教育体制…………………………………………………………………….22

5.3.2家长学校联动…………………………………………………………………….22

5.3.3加强学生的心理、法治教育…………………………………………………….22

5.4社会层面..........................................................................................................................22

5.4.1开展课外教育…………………………………………………………………….22

5.4.2完善管理体制…………………………………………………………………….23

5.4.3提供资源………………………………………………………………………….23

第6章 结论..................................................................................................................................24

参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………...25

附录……………………………………………………………………………………………...27

附录A…………………………………………………………………………………………….27

附录B.............................................................................................................................................30

致谢……………………………………………………………………………………………...31