城乡残疾人家庭照顾者的心理压力差异及其影响因素研究毕业论文
2021-10-25 21:29:33
摘 要
残疾人权益的尊重与保障关系到全面建成小康社会的成败。目前绝大多数残疾人居家生活并由家庭照顾者给予照料,而长期照料易导致照顾者焦躁、抑郁、虐待残疾人等心理与行为问题,且数据显示残疾人照顾者的抑郁发生率均在40%以上。照顾者心理压力过高日益成为一个突出社会问题。既有文献对照顾者心理压力及其影响因素作了一定探讨,但对于城乡照顾者心理压力的比较还不够充分。对此,基于湖北省残疾人调查数据,本研究以城乡残疾人家庭照顾者为研究对象,采用独立样本T检验与多元线性回归分析方法,旨在探究城乡残疾人家庭照顾者的心理压力差异及其影响因素。研究发现:城乡残疾人家庭照顾者的心理压力具有显著差异,主要表现在照顾负担、未来担忧、精力损耗等具体维度的显著差异,且城市照顾者心理压力明显高于农村照顾者;其中,心理压力总体存在城乡差异主要受到照顾者条件与社会支持的显著影响,照顾负担存在城乡差异主要受到照顾者条件与社会支持的显著影响,而精力损耗与未来担忧存在城乡差异则主要受到照顾者条件显著影响。对此,本研究进一步从总体、城市与农村三个方面分别提出家庭照顾者心理压力的介入与干预措施,以期有效降低家庭照顾者的心理压力水平。
关键词:残疾人;家庭照顾者;心理压力;城乡
Abstract
The respect and protection of the rights and interests of the disabled are crucial to the success or failure of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. At present, the vast majority of disabled people live at home and are cared for by family caregivers. However, long-term care may lead to psychological and behavioral problems such as anxiety, depression and maltreatment of disabled people. Moreover, data show that the incidence of depression among disabled caregivers is more than 40%. High psychological stress among caregivers is becoming a prominent social problem. The existing literatures have discussed the psychological stress of caregivers and its influencing factors, but the comparison between the psychological stress of caregivers in urban and rural areas is not enough. In this regard, based on the survey data of disabled people in Hubei province, this study took the family caregivers of disabled people in urban and rural areas as the research object, and adopted the independent sample T test and multiple linear regression analysis method, aiming to explore the differences in psychological stress and its influencing factors among the family caregivers of disabled people in urban and rural areas. The study found that: there were significant differences in the psychological stress of family caregivers of disabled people in urban and rural areas, mainly manifested in the significant differences in the specific dimensions of care burden, future worry, energy consumption, etc., and the psychological stress of urban caregivers was significantly higher than that of rural caregivers. Among them, the overall difference of psychological stress between urban and rural areas is mainly influenced by the conditions of caregivers and social support; the difference of care burden between urban and rural areas is mainly influenced by the conditions of caregivers and social support; while the difference of energy consumption and future worries is mainly influenced by the conditions of caregivers. In view of this, this study further proposed the intervention and intervention measures of the psychological stress of family caregivers from the overall, urban and rural aspects, in order to effectively reduce the psychological stress level of family caregivers.
Key Words:disabled persons; family caregivers; psychological pressure; urban and rural areas
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究问题 1
1.3研究意义 2
1.3.1理论意义 2
1.3.2现实意义 2
第2章 文献综述与研究假设 3
2.1文献综述 3
2.1.1残疾人家庭照顾者的概念界定 3
2.1.2残疾人家庭照顾者的心理压力及其影响因素 3
2.1.3压力过程理论与心理压力 5
2.2研究假设 6
2.2.1分析框架 6
2.2.2研究假设 6
第3章 研究方法 8
3.1数据收集方法 8
3.2测量工具 8
3.2.1因变量 8
3.2.2自变量 9
2.3数据分析策略 10
第4章 城乡残疾人家庭照顾者心理压力实证分析 11
4.1家庭照顾者心理压力的差异分析 11
4.2家庭照顾者心理压力差异的影响因素分析 11
4.3家庭照顾者心理压力具体维度差异的影响因素分析 12
4.3.1照顾负担差异的影响因素 14
4.3.2精力损耗差异的影响因素 14
4.3.3未来担忧差异的影响因素 14
第5章 研究讨论与结论 15
5.1研究讨论 15
5.2研究对策 17
5.2.1总体方面 17
5.2.2城市方面 17
5.2.3农村方面 18
5.3研究结论 19
参考文献 20
致 谢 24
第1章 绪论
1.1研究背景
残疾人是人类大家庭中的平等的一员,其权益的尊重与保障是全面建成小康社会的重要目标。截至2019年7月,我国共有8500万残疾人[1],对其起居、如厕、吃饭等方方面面的照顾不可或缺。目前残疾人照料主要有家庭照顾、社区照顾与机构照顾三种方式,但由于基层社区、机构组织自身资源与能力的限制,加上伦理观念、经济条件与社会保障等因素的影响,社区照料与机构照料十分有限;刘亚文等(2017)发现绝大多数残疾人由家庭给予日常照顾[2];许琳等(2010)通过比较正式照料与非正式照料,得出城乡残疾人正式照料均不超过10%,仍以家庭照料为主体[3];连云港市残疾人托养呈现出“311模式”,即60%的家庭照顾,20%的社区照顾,20%的机构照顾[4]。因此可知,残疾人主要由家庭照顾者给予照料,家庭照顾者更多的承担了残疾人生活照料与精神慰藉的社会责任。
近年来,残疾人家庭照顾者心理压力日益得到学术界的关注与研究。其中,在心理压力的具体表现方面,照顾者更多地表现出枯燥感、无助感[5]、焦躁[6]、抑郁[7]、虐待残疾人[8]等不良心理与行为症状,甚至出现孕妇携自闭症儿子自杀[9]等极端社会事件;在抑郁发生率上,部分学者通过问卷调查获取和检测照顾者的焦虑和抑郁症状,分别为26.54%和42.46% [10],更有甚者高达51.2%[11]。总体来看,不同类型残疾人的照顾者抑郁发生率测量数值均在40%以上。此外,根据2019年度全国残疾人状况及小康进程监测报告显示[12],城乡残疾人在数量分布与救助、医疗、康复、无障碍设施、社会保障等支持资源富寡配置上,具有极大的不平衡性。城乡照顾者具有截然不同的社会环境。由此可见,残疾人家庭照顾者心理压力问题日益突出,且城乡环境差异极为显著,开展其心理压力差异及其影响因素的研究具有非常重要的现实意义。
1.2研究问题
本研究试图围绕以下两个问题进行探讨: