论文总字数：20009字

摘 要

我国现正处于社会转型期，社会矛盾日益加剧，犯罪率逐渐上升，罪犯依法服刑，却催生了一个新的弱势群体，那就是法律孤儿，即父母一方在监狱服刑，另一方也无法实施有效监护的未成年人。

这些孩子也是父母犯罪的受害者，他们在弱小的年纪失去了最大的依靠，失去了赖以生存的原生家庭，不得不选择劳累年迈的祖父母，或者选择寄人篱下，更甚者流浪街头。他们最基本的生存权利都受到威胁，关系未来的教育权更是难以维护。社会上还存在“有其父必有其子”的刻板印象，他们明明没有错，却要忍受来自他人的歧视。

但作为与普通孤儿一样无助的孩子，他们却鲜少能享受相关福利救助政策。他们处于法律的盲区，有关这一群体的政策只能在各种地方政策中寻到只字片语。因为中央的法律法规在这方面还是空白，所以主要的救助责任就由民间救助组织承担。像张淑琴这些有爱心的人设立了太阳村等组织采取集中养育方式，保证了部分法律孤儿的正常生活，但这相较于整体的庞大数量，还是远远不够的。

本文从法律孤儿的生存现状出发，发现我国救助工作中存在的问题，再通过中美两国相关政策实践方面的对比，提出一些对策与建议，希望能够完善“法律孤儿”的救助工作。

关键词 ：法律孤儿 社会救助 国家政策

Research on the Relief of Legal Orphans

Abstract

Our country is now in the period of social transformation, with the intensification of social contradictions and the increasing crime rate. Criminals are serving their sentences according to law, but a new vulnerable group has emerged, that is, legal orphans, minors whose parents are serving their sentences in prison and whose parents are unable to carry out effective guardianship.

These children are also victims of parents'crimes. They have lost their greatest dependence in the weak grades, their native families on which to live, and have to choose their aged grandparents, or choose to live under the hedge of others, or even wander on the streets. Their basic right to subsistence is threatened, and it is even more difficult to maintain the right to education in the future. There is also the stereotype that "like father, like son" exists in society. They are clearly right, but they have to endure discrimination from others.

But as helpless children like ordinary orphans, they seldom enjoy the relevant welfare assistance policies. They are in the blind zone of law, and policies concerning this group can only find a single word in various local policies. Because the laws and regulations of the central government are still blank in this respect, the main responsibility for relief is borne by non-governmental relief organizations. Such loving people as Zhang Shuqin set up Sun Village and other organizations to adopt a centralized way of rearing, which ensured the normal life of legal orphans, but this is far from enough.

Starting from the current situation of legal orphans, this paper finds out the problems existing in the relief work in China, and then puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions through the comparison of relevant policies and practices between China and the United States, hoping to improve the relief work of legal orphans.

Key words : legal orphans；social assistance；national policy；

目 录

摘要 Ⅰ

Abstract Ⅱ

目录 Ⅲ

一、 绪论 1

（一）相关定义 1

（二）研究背景 1

（三）研究意义 1

（四）研究方法 2

二、文献综述 3

（一）国外研究状况 3

（二）国内研究状况 4

三、我国法律孤儿救助现状 5

（一）生存现状 5

（二）我国针对法律孤儿的相关政策 6

（三）我国针对法律孤儿的救助实践 9

（四）存在的问题 10

四、美国法律孤儿救助的经验总结 12

（一）美国针对法律孤儿的相关政策 12

（二）美国针对法律孤儿的救助实践 12

五、对策与建议 14

（一）从国家层面关注 14

（二）从社会层面支助 15

（三）从社工层面介入 15

结语 17

参考文献 19

附录 22

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