论文总字数：22350字

摘 要

知识经济的到来，使得社会需求越来越多元化，社会发展水平也得到了大幅度地提升。社会上各个群体的生活方式与生活质量都发生了不同的变化，老人群体也同样发生了变化。在我国进入人口老龄化时期之后，我国的社会保障、社会医疗等多个社会福利方面都迎来了不小的挑战。空巢老人问题作为众多老年问题中的一种，社会学者对其研究甚少。据中国社科院调查显示，65岁及以上的空巢老人数量已经占到将近全国总人口的三分之一，可见其数量之多。所以在此形势下，社会应当亟需关注并且解决空巢老人的心理健康问题。空巢老人对现在的生活状况提出了新的要求，但是由于自身条件限制和社会支持的缺少，他们的社会需求得不到很好的满足，随之产生了一些心理问题。所以本文主要通过对已有文献进行查阅和参考并且通过对相关数据的收集分析进行研究。研究中具体运用上门走访、结构式问卷的方式进行入户调查，形成关于空巢老人心理健康状况的调查报告，并且采用个案社会工作的方法，深入空巢老人，了解他们的社会需求，并采用系统抽样的方式挑选样本进行深入剖析，从社会支持等多个角度探究空巢老人心理健康状况并提出多层面的、专业的、具体的可行性建议。

关键词：空巢老人 心理健康 社会支持 社会工作

Mental health status and social support of empty nesters

Abstract

With the advent of the knowledge economy, social needs have become more diversified and the level of social development has been greatly improved. The lifestyles and social quality of various groups in the society have undergone different changes, and the elderly groups have also undergone changes. After China's entry into the aging population, China's social security, social health and other social welfare aspects have ushered in a lot of challenges. The problem of empty nesters is one of many old-age problems, and sociologists have little research on them. According to a survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the number of empty nesters aged 65 and over has accounted for nearly one-third of the country's total population, showing the number of them. Therefore, under this situation, society should urgently pay attention to and solve the mental health problems of empty nesters. The empty nesters have put forward new requirements for their current living conditions. However, due to their own limited conditions and lack of social support, their social needs are not well met, and some psychological problems have arisen. A survey report on the mental health status of the empty nesters was formed, and the method of social work was used to deepen the empty nesters and understand their Social needs, and systematic sampling to select samples for in-depth analysis, from the perspective of social support and other aspects of the mental health of empty nesters and propose multi-faceted, professional, specific feasibility recommendations.

Key Words：Empty nest elderly; Mental health; Social support; Social work;

目 录

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ

一、绪论 1

（一）选题背景 1

（二）研究意义 1

（三）研究方法 2

二、文献综述 3

（一）概念界定 3

1.空巢老人 3

（二）理论依据 3

1.马斯洛需要层次理论 3

2.生态系统理论 3

（三）国外研究现状 3

（四）国内研究现状 4

三、空巢老人心理健康状况与社会支持现状 6

（一）样本情况 6

1.基本情况 6

2.收入情况 6

3.身体状况 7

4.抑郁与焦虑状况 8

5.社会支持现状 9

（二）结果分析 13

四、对策与建议 14

（一）家庭层面 14

（二）社区层面 15

（三）社会层面 16

结语 17

参考文献 18

附录 21

致谢 31

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