农村居家养老实施过程中的问题与对策毕业论文
2020-04-13 13:06:28
摘 要
在我国,由于农村养老保障体系不健全、农村劳动力大批外迁、农村家庭小型化等问题,农村人口老龄化的扩大化趋势以及高龄化问题显得格外突出。传统的家庭养老模式与老龄化现状冲突,居家养老成为农村养老探索的新型养老模式。因此,研究农村居家养老实施过程中的问题并探索相应对策显得十分重要。
论文第一章为绪论,对学界目前就农村养老以及居家养老的研究进行了整合讨论,概述了论文的现实背景及理论支持,提出论文研究内容及预期目标。
论文第二章为农村人口老龄化与居家养老。对我国农村人口老龄化现状及发展态势、居家养老的定义以及国内外农村居家养老的实施现状进行综合论述。
论文第三章研究我国农村居家养老实施过程中的问题。主要论述农村经济发展水平较低,服务机构运营资金短缺;村居建设不健全,缺乏专业服务人员;受传统观念限制,农村居家养老服务有效需求少三个方面。
论文第四章为针对第三章中提出的问题探索对策。论文提出构建农村居家养老服务体系;加大政府财政支持力度,拓宽资金来源;建立健全服务人才培养体系,加强居家养老服务队伍建设以及政府为主导,探索农村居家养老服务积极有效的推广模式四个方法。
论文第五章为结论,在对论文进行总结的基础上,笔者提出了要加强对农村居家养老模式及服务体系的探索,同时强调政府、社会、服务组织三者联动的重要性,最后对论文的不足之处提出了说明。
关键词:农村居家养老;居家养老服务体系;农村老年人
Abstract
In China, problems such as the expansion of the ageing population and the aging of the rural population are particularly acute due to problems such as inadequate rural old-age security systems, large numbers of rural laborers moving out of the country, and miniaturization of rural households. The traditional family pension model conflicts with the status quo of aging, and home-based pension has become a new model of old-age care for the elderly in rural areas. Therefore, it is very important to study the problems in the implementation of the rural home-based pension system and explore the corresponding countermeasures.
The first chapter of the thesis is an introduction. It discusses the current research on rural endowment insurance and home-based care for the elderly in the academic community. It outlines the realistic background and theoretical support of the dissertation, and proposes the research content and expected goals of the dissertation.
The second chapter of the thesis is about the ageing of rural population and the aged at home. We will comprehensively discuss the status quo of the aging of the rural population in China, the definition of the development trend, the definition of home support for the elderly, and the status quo of the implementation of home-based care for rural residents at home and abroad.
The third chapter of the thesis studies the problems in the implementation of the aged in rural China. Mainly discusses the level of economic development in rural areas is relatively low, and the funding for service institutions is in short supply; the construction of rural villages is not perfect, and there is a lack of professional service personnel; due to the restriction of traditional concepts, there is less effective demand for rural residential aged care services. There are three aspects of the effective demand for rural elderly care services.
The fourth chapter of the thesis is to explore the countermeasures proposed in the third chapter. The paper proposes three methods: Increase government financial support, broaden funding sources; establish a sound service talent training system; strengthen the building of home-based care service teams and lead by government and exploring the active and effective promotion model of rural home care services.
The fifth chapter of the thesis is the conclusion. Based on the summary of the thesis, the author proposes to strengthen the exploration of the rural home care model and service system. At the same time, it emphasizes the importance of the linkage between the government, society, and service organization. Finally the inadequacies of this paper proposes that.
Key words: rural home-based care;home-based care service system;rural elderly
目录
第1章 绪论 1
第2章 农村人口老龄化与居家养老 2
2.1 我国农村人口老龄化现状及发展态势 2
2.2 居家养老的定义 2
2.3 国外居家养老的实施现状 3
2.4 我国农村居家养老的实施现状 4
第3章 我国农村居家养老实施过程中的问题 5
3.1 农村经济发展水平较低,服务机构运营资金短缺 5
3.2 村居建设不健全,缺乏专业服务人员 5
3.3受传统观念限制,农村居家养老服务有效需求少 5
第4章 农村居家养老实施过程中的问题的相应对策 7
4.1 构建农村居家养老服务体系 7
4.2 加大政府财政支持力度,拓宽资金来源 9
4.3 建立健全服务人才培养体系,加强居家养老服务队伍建设 9
4.4 政府为主导,探索农村居家养老服务积极有效的推广模式 9
第5章 结论 11
参考文献 12
致谢 14
第1章 绪论
在持续的低生育率趋势的影响下,人口老龄化日益成为中国现阶段面临的严峻的经济和社会问题。其中,由于农村养老保障体系不健全、农村劳动力大批外迁、农村家庭小型化等原因,农村人口老龄化程度明显高于城市。农村“空巢老人”和独身老人的增多,有子女却无人赡养,使越来越多的农村老人缺少传统家庭养老的基础,必然对新的养老模式提出迫切需求(沈艳芬,2016)。同时,由于计划生育政策导致了农村家庭子女数下降,家庭规模小型化。传统的家庭养老模式也难以适应该发展趋势。因此,伴随着农村人口老龄化以及传统养老模式与现状冲突问题的逐渐凸显,国内学者开始探索新的农村养老模式,居家养老的使用频率越来越高。
在现代化、工业化、城镇化、老龄化的背景下,我国多数学者把社区居家养老服务视为文化和社会经济发展的产物,同国外由侧重于机构养老向重视居家养老过渡、促进社会化养老的趋势一致,是各国应对全球老龄化政策体系的有机组成(王晶晶等,2017)[1]。
居家养老非常适合农村地区,但目前在农村地区的发展还不容乐观(郭玲,2013)[2]。国内学者总结出的目前农村居家养老存在的主要问题多为农村居家养老服务的资金不足、提供居家养老服务的专业人员缺乏以及农村居家养老的基础设施建设落后(郭玲,2013;边秀伊,2014;王海良,2015)[2-4]。相对应的解决措施可大致分为完善资金投入及完善服务内容。
除此之外,当前针对农村居家养老的研究调查多集中于较早开展农村居家养老服务的沿海发达地区如上海、浙江等,而较少探索中西部农村地区,农村居家养老体系的建设并不全面及完善。再次,现阶段我国学者对于农村居家养老的研究多在理论分析层面,缺乏相关的实证研究,多论述农村居家养老服务的背景、发展的必要性及可行性,统计的数据多以某一试点为例,相对来说缺乏普遍性,且多为简单的统计描述,较少进一步的深入分析。