摘 要

踝关节骨折在我们的日常生活中较为常见，一般多由间接暴力引起，临床表现为踝部疼痛、肿胀、压痛等现象。现代医学根据患者踝关节骨折类型的不同以及骨折端在X片上的表现将其治疗方式划分为传统石膏固定治疗和手术治疗。进行手术治疗的患者尤其要重视术后的康复训练，然而部分患者由于在卧床期间未给予相应部位足够的锻炼而引发关节僵硬，四周肌力丧失等术后并发症，大大降低后期下地康复训练的效率。为了使患者能够尽早的回到正常的生活中去，提高卧床期间的康复效率刻不容缓。针对这一情况，设计一款踝关节康复训练设备，用于辅助患者在卧床期间改善关节活动度，对踝关节进行本体感觉重建，使得下肢得到充分的锻炼。与此同时，该设备解决了人工搬运设备时产生的疲倦感，减轻医疗工作者的劳动强度，使其更加专注于康复训练的指导，从而提高康复训练效率，提高患者的生活质量。

从人体解剖学和康复医学理论出发，踝关节康复训练设备需要具备背屈和跖屈功能，负重功能。在康复过程中，通过科学合理的康复训练计划，两个基本功能相互配合使用来满足卧床期间基本的康复需求，从而减轻后期下地行走训练给踝关节带来的疼痛感。运用人机工程学和人性化设计理论对踝关节康复训练设备的各个功能机构进行人机尺寸设计，对主要功能区的使用方式进行人性化的设计，在生理和心理层面上满足两者的需求。

踝关节康复训练设备的设计与研究采用了CPM（continuous passive motion）即术后可持续被动运动技术，对于踝关节的功能恢复具有良好的促进作用，改善关节活动度，很好的预防下肢血栓的形成，提高患者后期康复的效率。本文完成了以下三个方面的任务：第一：根据生理学和康复医学理论，完成对踝关节康复训练设备功能区的设计；第二：通过实地调研采访医疗工作者在操作康复设备时生理以及心理上的需求，完成了对踝关节康复训练设备使用方式的设计；第三：记录患者在康复过程中生理以及心理的需求，对踝关节康复设备进行造型以及色彩设计。

关键词：踝关节康复训练设备；康复训练；康复过程；人机工程学；人性化设计

Abstract

Ankle fractures are common in our daily life, usually caused by indirect violence, and are clinically manifested as ankle pain, swelling and tenderness. According to the different types of ankle fractures and the performance of the fracture end on the X-ray, modern medicine divides the treatment into traditional gypsum fixation treatment and surgical treatment. Especially for surgical treatment of patients of postoperative rehabilitation training, but some patients because during the bed did not give enough exercise corresponding parts caused stiff joints, muscle strength around the loss of the postoperative complications, such as late greatly reduce the efficiency of rehabilitation training on fields. In order to enable patients to return to normal life as soon as possible, it is urgent to improve the recovery efficiency during bed. In order to solve this situation, design a ankle rehabilitation training equipment, to assist patients during the period of stay in bed for improving joint motion, for ankle proprioception reconstruction, making fully exercise of lower limbs. At the same time, the device solves the manual handling equipment which is caused by fatigue, reduce the labor intensity of medical workers, and make it more focused been training guidance, so as to improve the efficiency of rehabilitation training, improve the quality of life of patients.

According to the theory of human anatomy and rehabilitation medicine, the ankle rehabilitation training equipment needs to have the function of dorsal flexion and plantar flexion and load bearing. In the rehabilitation process, through scientific and reasonable rehabilitation training program, used in conjunction are two basic functions to meet the demand of bed during basic rehabilitation, so as to reduce the late walk training brings to the ankle pain. On the basis of the theory of ergonomics and humanized design of ankle rehabilitation training equipment of each functional mechanism for human dimension design, use of main functional areas of humanized design in the form of the meet the needs of both physical and psychological level.

Ankle rehabilitation training equipment design and research of the CPM (continuous passive motion) postoperative sustainable passive movement technology, namely for the functional recovery of ankle has a good role in promoting, improving joint motion and good prevent the formation of thrombosis of lower limb, improve the efficiency of patients with late rehabilitation. This paper has completed the following three tasks: first, according to the physiological and rehabilitation medical theories, complete the design of functional area of ankle joint rehabilitation training equipment; Secondly, through field investigation and interview of the physiological and psychological needs of medical workers when operating rehabilitation equipment, the design of the use mode of ankle rehabilitation training equipment was completed. Thirdly, the physiological and psychological needs of patients during rehabilitation are recorded, and the ankle rehabilitation equipment is designed in shape and color

Key words: Ankle rehabilitation training equipment； rehabilitation training； rehabilitation process； ergonomics； humanized design

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究的背景与意义 1

1.1.1 研究背景 1

1.1.2 研究目的 1

1.1.3 研究意义 1

1.2 踝关节康复训练设备研究现状及发展趋势 2

1.3 本文研究主要任务 2

第2章 踝关节骨折术后康复辅助训练设备调研 4

2.1 现有踝关节康复辅助医疗产品种类调研 4

2.2 现有踝关节康复辅助医疗产品在使用过程中存在的缺陷 5

2.3 本章小结 5

第3章 踝关节骨折术后康复过程调研 6

3.1 踝关节生理结构阐述 6

3.2 骨折的定义 8

3.2.1 踝关节骨折的临床表现 8

3.2.2 踝关节骨折治疗手段阐述 8

3.3 踝关节骨折术后康复训练 9

3.3.1 踝关节骨折术后康复训练方法阐述 9

3.3.2 踝关节骨折术后康复训练的目的及意义 9

3.3.3 踝关节骨折术后康复训练注意事项 9

3.4 踝关节骨折术后康复过程人机系统分析 10

3.4.1 患者在康复过程中生理以及心理的分析 10

3.4.2 护理人员的个体作业行为分析 10

3.4.3 踝关节康复设备使用环境分析 11

3.5 踝关节康复设备使用过程推演 12

3.5.1 使用情境构建： 12

3.6 本章小结 13

第4章 踝关节康复辅助医疗产品的设计规律分析 14

4.1 踝关节康复辅助医疗产品的造型设计分析 14

4.2 踝关节康复辅助医疗产品的色彩设计分析 14

4.3 创新点 14

4.4 本章小结 14

第5章 踝关节康复辅助医疗产品设计与方案展示 15

5.1 设计思路 15

5.2 方案展示 16

5.2.1 草图阶段 16

5.2.2 效果图展示 17

5.2.3 细节展示 18

5.3 实物模型展示 20

第6章 总结 21

参考文献 22

致 谢 23

第1章 绪论

1.1 研究的背景与意义

1.1.1 研究背景

由踝关节骨折引起的运动功能障碍患者日益增多，为了能够尽快投入到正常的生活工作中去，术后康复训练显得格外重要。许多的患者在接受完手术之后，不加注意及时的恢复性运动，很容易造成关节周边肌肉萎缩，踝关节僵硬，四周肌力丧失，下肢血栓等术后并发症。究其原因，对于术后康复训练并未引起足够的重视，从而直接影响后期下地康复训练的效率。随着人们对于健康层次的理解越来越深刻，术后康复训练的重要性不言而喻。因此，我们需要通过设计与技术手段，解决术后卧床期间踝关节康复训练的问题，帮助患者提高下地康复的效率。同时由于医疗产品具有特殊性，服务对象与被服务对象都是人这个主体，所以必须充分研究双方在使用过程中对于踝关节康复设备的需求，从而带给后者更好的康复效果。

1.1.2 研究目的

选题的研究目的如下几点：

一、通过深入研究踝关节康复训练设备的使用操作流程，解决其在使用过程中所产生不人性化的问题；