摘 要

自2008年“汶川大地震”发生以来，我国开始加强安全应急管理体系的建设，应急科普工作更是成为安全教育中的重中之重。近年来，在政府的宣传引导下，灾害体验式教育获得广大群众的接纳，其优秀的教育科普成果逐渐得到大家的认可，灾害体验馆成为应急科普工作的重要载体。然而，现阶段体验式应急安全教育虽引起社会重视，但还处于社会主义初步发展阶段，灾害应急体验馆的运营模式、建设标准、场馆运营都还不成熟，尚未形成完整体系。许多展馆存在场景陈旧、设施损坏、互动性不强、参与感不佳、不适应社会对应急知识的需要等问题。

本文将新媒体沉浸式体验技术引入到灾害体验馆设计中，根据实际场馆做出相应改造。创新之处包括：在原有场馆内增设沉浸式体验技术如3D Mapping、VR装置、AR技术、实景模拟，力求通过新媒体技术和互动式体验将参观者带入灾害实景中去，提醒人们重视灾害应急教育，从本展馆学习了解灾害应急知识。笔者通过对比国内外沉浸式体验技术在灾害体验馆中的应用以及实地考察问访总结出国内灾害体验馆现存问题，并提出解决方案。最终制作场景模型和3D效果模拟，邀请参观者线上参与参展，验证沉浸式体验在灾害体验馆设计中的必要性和教育性。

从理论角度来看，本文从一定程度上对国内灾害体验馆设计领域做出了填补与革新，通过使用沉浸式体验技术使灾害体验馆的体验升级。从实用价值来看，沉浸式体验的新颖性能够提高参观者对灾害体验馆的兴趣，从而增加参观者的数量，以提升灾害应急教育的普及性。

关键词：沉浸式体验、灾害体验、实景模拟

Abstract

Since the "Wenchuan Earthquake" in 2008, my country has begun to strengthen the construction of a safety emergency management system, and emergency science work has become a top priority in safety education. Under the active guidance of the government, experiential disaster education has been recognized and accepted by the public for its excellent educational effects. The disaster experience hall has become an important way for emergency science work. However, although experiential emergency safety education has attracted social attention, it is still at the initial development stage. The operation mode, construction standards, and venue operations of disaster emergency experience venues are still immature. Many venues have outdated scenes, poor interaction, and participation. Feeling bad, not adapting to society's need for emergency knowledge, etc.

This article introduces the new media immersive experience technology into the design of the disaster experience hall, and makes corresponding transformations according to the actual venue. Innovations include: adding immersive experience technologies such as 3D Mapping, VR device, AR technology, and live simulation to the original venues, and strive to bring visitors into the real disaster through new media technology and interactive experience, reminding people to pay attention to disaster Emergency education, learn about disaster emergency knowledge from this exhibition hall. The author summarizes the existing problems of the domestic disaster experience museum by comparing the application of domestic and foreign immersive experience technology in the disaster experience museum, and the field investigation and interviews, and proposes solutions. Eventually, the scene model and 3D effect simulation are produced, and the visitors are invited to participate in the exhibition online to verify the necessity and education of the immersive experience in the design of the disaster experience hall.

From a theoretical point of view, this article has made a certain degree of filling and innovation in the design field of the domestic disaster experience hall, and upgraded the experience of the disaster experience hall by using immersive experience technology. From the perspective of practical value, the novelty of immersive experience can increase the interest of visitors in the disaster experience hall, thereby increasing the number of visitors and enhancing the popularity of disaster emergency education.

Key Words：Immersive experience, disaster experience, real scene simulation

目 录

第1章 绪论………………………………………………………………………………8

1.1 课题研究的背景……………………………………………………………………8

1.2 课题研究的目的和意义……………………………………………………………9

1.2.1 课题研究的目的………………………………………………………………9

1.2.2 课题研究的意义………………………………………………………………9

1.3 国内外研究现状……………………………………………………………………9

1.4 创新点……………………………………………………………………………13

第2章 沉浸式体验与灾害体验馆的概念………………………………………………14

2.1 沉浸式体验的概念………………………………………………………………14

2.2 灾害体验馆的概念………………………………………………………………15

2.3 沉浸式体验在灾害体验馆中运用现状分析……………………………………15

第3章 沉浸式体验空间在灾害体验馆中应用的原则和方法…………………………16

3.1 沉浸式体验空间设计原则………………………………………………………16

3.1.1 沉浸式体验的表现形式……………………………………………………16

3.1.2 结合原有空间布局…………………………………………………………17

3.2灾害体验馆空间设计方法…………………………………………………………18

3.2.1 梳理空间流线………………………………………………………………18

3.2.2 打造空间形态………………………………………………………………18

第4章 以武汉市规划展览馆内灾害体验馆为例……………………………………19

4.1 现状调研………………………………………………………………………19

4.1.1 武汉市灾害类型分析……………………………………………………19

4.1.2 武汉市规划展示馆内灾害体验馆现状分析……………………………20

4.2 设计定位………………………………………………………………………21

4.2.1 市民与游客共享模式……………………………………………………21

4.2.2营造灾害体验馆的科教文化功能………………………………………21

4.3 灾害体验馆展示设计表达……………………………………………………21

4.3.1 展厅内部空间的设计构想………………………………………………21

4.3.2 展厅中投影设施、互动装置运用………………………………………22

4.4 灾害体验馆的设计效果表达…………………………………………………22

4.4.1 设计方案及效果图………………………………………………………22

第5章 结论……………………………………………………………………………25

参考文献……………………………………………………………………………26

致谢…………………………………………………………………………………27

第1章 绪论

1.1 课题研究的背景

马斯洛需求理论^[1]提出，人类的需求从低到高按层次分为五种，分别是:生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求，安全需求在其中占据重要位置。随着我国经济水平的发展和物质条件的改善，人们对美好生活的需求日益增长，对应急和安全知识的需求也变得更加迫切，因此灾害体验馆的建设也被提上日程。

自2003年“非典”事件之后，中国开始加强应急管理体系的建设，应急科普工作随之步入正轨。国家不仅出台多部法律法规规范应急管理，更对应急教育作出了指示。灾害体验馆的建立更是多次被提及。在多年来政府的引导下，体验式灾害教育以其出众的教育效果已逐渐得到社会的认可，自2003年以来，全国灾害体验场馆数量迅速增多，灾害体验馆成为应急科普工作的重要载体。

当前，应急安全教育虽已引起社会各界重视，但我国在应急安全教育的发展上还是处于初级阶段，尤其体现在灾害体验馆的运营模式和建设标准不成熟，导致许多展馆存在场景陈旧、设施损坏、互动性不强、参与感不佳、不适应社会对应急知识的需要等问题。