摘 要

我国民众的医疗服务刚性需求与到医诊疗的人数，在随着我国的人口增长以及民众对身体健康的愈加重视而不断增加，且我国卫生资源分布不合理，存在“到北上广看病”的就医现象。尤其在疾病高发季节，医疗设备与人力资源严重不足，与国外医疗条件相比仍存在较大的差距。

病人对心理方面的治疗需求并不比低于生理方面。而我国国内存在医护人员严重缺编的问题，导致绝大多数医院床位数量远高于病床护士的数量，病人的陪护需求得不到满足，只能让家属进行陪护，这使得国内家属陪护的情况一直存在。但目前国内空间条件的限制，病房只满足基础简单的功能，内部设施人性化设计严重匮乏，无法满足病人和家属陪护的需求。现有医院库房租赁折叠床、共享陪护床等方式，以解决家属陪护的基本休息，却无法具备卫生条件保障。同时又阻碍医院方的卫生管理与医疗巡查，严重扰乱医疗秩序，陪护家属与医院之间的矛盾也与日俱增。

国内病房用品设计应结合我国国情特点进行优化。本文从“病人——陪护家属——医院”国内病房三种不同人群的需求角度出发，寻找三方之间的联系并进行整合分析。

通过网络上的资料查询，并前往国内医院进行实地调研，了解现有病房内空间环境与基本设施的现状，同时对病房内各类人群的行为特点和活动规律进行观察。在对所掌握的信息资料进行记录，整理与汇总后，设计分析研究在现有环境条件基础上，根据人性化设计理论和对人机工程学的运用，针对病人、陪护者、医院三方的需求设计出能够充分利用病房空间资源，方便转移和医院管理，能让病人与陪护家属更加舒适的陪护用品组合，从根本上解决病人、陪护者及医院的实际困难，满足使用人群的生理与心理需求，体现社会的人文关怀。并根据环境分析和设计心理学理论，对陪护用品组合进行造型和色彩设计。

关键词：陪护用品；不同用户需求分析；空间环境分析；人机工程学；模块化设计

Abstract

The rigid demand for medical services and the number of people going to medical treatment are increasing with the population growth and people's increasing attention to physical health. Moreover, the distribution of health resources in China is unreasonable, and there exists the phenomenon of "going to the north, Shanghai and Guangzhou to see a doctor". Especially in the season of high incidence of diseases, medical equipment and human resources are seriously inadequate, and there is still a big gap with foreign medical conditions.

The psychological need for treatment is no less important than the physical need. However, there is a serious shortage of medical staff in China, which leads to the fact that the number of hospital beds in most hospitals is much higher than the number of hospital nurses. As a result, the patient's need for accompanying care cannot be met, so the family members can only accompany the patient, which makes the situation of domestic family members accompanying care always exist. However, due to the limitation of space conditions in China, the wards can only meet the basic and simple functions, and the humanized design of internal facilities is seriously lacking, which cannot meet the needs of patients and their families to accompany them. The existing hospitals rent folding beds and share nursing beds, so as to solve the basic rest of family members' nursing, but cannot guarantee the sanitary conditions. At the same time, it obstructs the health management and medical inspection of the hospital, seriously disturbs the medical order, and the contradiction between the accompanying family members and the hospital is also increasing day by day.

The design of domestic ward supplies should be optimized according to the characteristics of China's national conditions. This paper starts from the perspective of the needs of three different groups of people in the domestic wards of "patients -- accompanying family members -- hospital", looks for the connections among the three groups and conducts an integrated analysis.

Through the information inquiry on the Internet, I went to domestic hospitals for field research to understand the current situation of the space environment and basic facilities in the existing wards, and at the same time, I observed the behavior characteristics and activity rules of all kinds of people in the wards. On the master of information records, sorting and summary, design analysis and research on the basis of the existing environmental conditions, according to the theory of humanized design and use of ergonomics, aiming at the demand of the patients, the three of the escort, hospital design can make full use of room space resources, convenient transfer and hospital management, can let the patient and family members more comfortable escort escort products combination, fundamentally solve the patient, the escort and hospital the practical difficulties, meet the people's physical and mental needs, reflected the humanities concern of the society. And according to the environmental analysis and the theory of design psychology, the modeling and color design are carried out for the combination of companion care products.

Key words: Companion Articles; Analysis of Different User Needs; Spatial Environment Analysis; Ergonomics; Modular Design

目 录

摘 要 Ⅰ

Abstract Ⅱ

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究的背景与意义 1

1.1.1 研究背景 1

1.1.2 研究目的 2

1.1.3 研究意义 2

1.2 住院病房陪护设计的国内外研究现状及发展趋势 3

1.2.1 国外研究现状 3

1.2.2 国内研究现状 4

1.2.3 发展趋势 4

1.3 本章小结 5

第2章 病房陪护用品调研 6

2.1 现有病房内医用家具种类调研 6

2.2 现有医用家具在使用过程中存在的缺陷 7

2.3 本章小结 7

第3章 病房陪护用品的人机系统分析 8

3.1 病人在住院过程中的生理与心理需求分析 8

3.2 陪护的定义 10

3.2.1 陪护家属的活动规律 10

3.2.2 陪护家属的需求分析 11

3.3 医院管理制度分析 11

3.3.1 住院病人转诊转科制度 11

3.3.2 医护人员的个体作业行为分析 11

3.3.3 病房消毒制度与流程 12

3.4 陪护用品使用环境分析 13

3.4.1 病房空间分析 13

3.4.2 医疗设备及医用家具使用环境分析 15

3.5 病房陪护用品使用过程推演 17

3.5.1 使用情境构建 18

3.6 本章小结 18

第4章 病房陪护用品的设计规律分析 19

4.1 病房陪护用品组合的造型设计分析 19

4.2 病房陪护用品组合的色彩与材质设计分析 19

4.3 创新点 19

4.4 本章小结 20

第5章 病房陪护用品组合设计的方案展示 21

5.1 设计思路 21

5.2 方案展示 22

5.2.1 草图阶段 22

5.2.2 效果图展示 23

5.2.3 细节展示 24

第6章 总结 29

参考文献 30

致 谢 30

第1章 绪论

1.1 研究的背景与意义

1.1.1 研究背景

我国医疗服务体系许多根源性的问题并没有随着科技的进步与医疗卫生的发展而得到解决。我国地少人多，城市用地面积紧张，单纯的扩大建筑面积并不足以满足人民群众日益增长的医疗卫生需求。许多医院意识到了这个问题，并将解决问题的目光从医院面积大小、床位的扩展转移到对现有资源的优化和充分利用上。由于位置空间限制，病房空间建设不合理，陪护设施不完善，与发达国家医疗条件相比还有很大差距。

随着现代经济的快速发展，居民对健康重视程度提高，我国医疗机构诊疗人数与入院人数呈现上升趋势。^[1]我国人口基数大，病人居多，而医护人员不足，护床比例低。按国家卫生部要求，到2010年，临床护士与床位比应达到0.4：1的标准，但我国400多家综合医院护士人数严重不足， 目前要求护士和床位比为0.376：1的配备标准，但目前达标医院中三甲医院只占40%，二甲医院占20%。^[2]医护人员严重缺编，医护人员不能全方面照顾患者，但有些病人又需要全天陪护照顾，这使得家属留陪护的必要性一直存在。然而病房内部设施单一，缺乏人性化设计，导致陪护家属休息极为不便，经常增加费用租赁医院折叠床甚至在病房地面席地而卧，十分艰苦。且容易造成病房内部拥挤，环境嘈杂，也为医护人员的工作带来极大不便。

病人、陪护家属与医院三方的联系环环相扣，不可分割。所以为了国内医疗事业的更好发展，必须充分了解病人、陪护家属与医院三方的需求，从而改善病人、陪护家属与医院之间的关系，提高国内医院住院质量与医疗效率。