On the development of meteorological science animation

[Abstract] far-reaching significance of meteorological science, but meteorological knowledge but often abstract and difficult, how to make meteorological knowledge dissemination more effective, the paper discusses the cartoon is a good carrier of meteorological science and elaborated from a meteorological point of view of creation the method of science animation film and television production spread.

[Key words] dissemination meteorological science animation

As we all know, meteorological science audience in the vast majority of ordinary people, if the spread of the content is too specialized, abstract image of meteorological knowledge can not express, it will make people feel obscure, difficult, hindering the general publics understanding of meteorological knowledge, so meteorological knowledge superior feeling formed in peoples minds, it greatly reduces the contact meteorological knowledge enthusiasm. Bacon said, the most scientific force depends on public knowledge of it. 'Meteorological science to fully consider the needs of the audience, the meteorological science knowledge from the Spread reach' up to 'spread yo Fun arrive' in order to harvest good dissemination of results.

1 meteorological science hand animation techniques

Today, the ever-changing computer animation technology provides us with an important means of production, especially in the field of popular science film and television production means traditional television filming difficult to achieve, animation technology has more obvious advantages. First, having animated image of a dynamic, visual exaggeration, humor and other characteristics, can show many languages, words can not express the content or difficult to express. Second, the animation image with the image, intuitive, dynamic characteristics, it can be visual contact and attract the audiences attention in an instant, and thus help to improve the dissemination of results. Based on the above characteristics of the animation, which is applied to the esoteric, in the form of stiff meteorological science in film and television, with its strong visual impact, it will definitely attract the audiences attention, reduce public understanding of meteorological knowledge of difficulty, which will undoubtedly closer the distance between the public meteorological knowledge and to improve the dissemination of results of meteorological science. Combination of the two can be said to be an innovative way of meteorological science dissemination, animated this vibrant artistic expressions will become an important carrier of meteorological science program creation. This can be further understood from the following two aspects.

1.2 Enhanced vulnerable to sexual

Meteorological science has long had 'not pass through' issue, the main reason is that communicators ignore the problem of vulnerability audience. Do not have a wealth of scientific knowledge of the general audience, the dissemination of meteorological science content and professional, and abstract and difficult to understand. Today, animation to the meteorological science film, can abstract complex meteorological science knowledge into concrete dynamic visual artistic image, with interesting stories, explain the easy to understand, easy to accept the general audience. Then to 'weather Hundred Questions' for example, '? What is the apricot-day' referred to in the formation of apricot-day: 'Here, warm and cold air forces of two well-matched, close combat, battlefield to put in Jianghuai area, resulting in the region rain continued, a month will see in good weather. ', the corresponding screen is one blue and one yellow cartoon two air masses in the fight over the JAC, inextricably, the rain in the region has been under such animation it vividly illustrates the reasons for the formation of apricot days. Thus abstract meteorological factors (such as cold, warm air, invisible) anthropomorphic, became the figurative image, together with individual performance, it can play a very good performance results.

2 meteorological science cartoon production requirements

Effect of meteorological science communication effects animation, no doubt, but how will it be truly entertaining, effective dissemination, there are still some issues to be aware of:

2.1 topics

Choose a mature, correct 'true science' to avoid intellectual errors. While authoring meteorological science animation, with topics range is very broad, often not limited to weather the industry itself, but by no means equal to the creation of parties without any restrictions in the choice of knowledge. Instead, choose a mature creative side must correct 'true science', and as far as possible to choose their own familiar and able to master something creative. This ensures that the content of scientific knowledge to avoid errors. To the times, combined with the reality of life, choose topics of interest to the audience of the most creative. For example, the face of the Olympic Games has attracted worldwide attention, based on the people in sports unprecedented enthusiasm and urgent needs of sports knowledge, the author planned to file a sports theme meteorological meteorological science cartoon 'Storm odd team', tells the story Sports programs, the weather on sports skills and achievements. These are general knowledge of sports media can not be given, such as breakaway tactics and flying geese array of cycling, because of the impact of the wind was taken; Again discus project a success more wind, the wind Archery the correction and so on knowledge, are interesting, to sports knowledge to the audience as a useful supplement.

Introducing 2.2 knowledge points to explain

2, 2.1 focus on knowledge, the frame story, the story should be avoided and knowledge 'mismatch' phenomenon. In domestic science cartoon “Mi Farm

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略论气象科普动画片的发展

[摘要] 气象科普的意义深远，但气象知识往往却又抽象、难懂，如何让气象知识传播更具有效性，该文论述了动画片是气象科普的良好载体，并从创作角度阐述了气象科普动画影视制作传播的方法。

[关键词] 气象 科普 传播 动画

众所周知，气象科普受众群体中的绝大部分为普通民众，如果传播内容过于专业化，抽象的气象知识不能形象表达，就会令人感到晦涩、难懂，阻碍了普通公众对于气象知识的理解，使气象知识在人们的头脑中形成高高在上的感觉，大大降低了人们接触气象知识的热情。培根说过，lsquo;科学的力最取决于大众对它的了解”。气象科普要充分考虑受众的需要，把气象科普知识从“传播到达”，提高到lsquo;唷趣传播到达”，才能收获良好的传播效果。

1 气象科普牵手动画技术

今天，日新月异的计算机动画技术为我们提供了重要制作手段，特别是在传统电视拍摄手段难以实现的科普影视制作领域，动画技术更具有明显的优势。首先，动画具有形象、动态、直观夸张、幽默等特点，可以展示许多语言、文字无法表达或难于表达的内容。其次，动画中的图像具有形象性、直观性、动态性等特点，它可以在瞬间内通过视觉接触而吸引受众的注意，从而有利于传播效果的提高。基于动画的上述特点，将其应用到深奥难懂、形式呆板的气象影视科普中，凭借其强大的视觉冲击力，必定会吸引受众的眼球，降低公众理解气象知识的难度，这无疑会拉近气象知识与公众之间的距离，提高了气象科普的传播效果。二者的结合可以说是气象科普传播方式的一种创新，动画这一充满活力的艺术表现形式将逐渐成为气象科普节目创作的重要载体。对此可以从以下两个方面加以深入理解。

1．1增强可看性

借助生动活泼的卡通形象，突破单一的科普讲解，用讲故事的手段，以故事化的方式加以演绎，可以极大地增强科普片的可看性。同时，也改变了以往受众接受科普片时，对知识是否理解的紧张心理，增添了快乐的元素，达到寓教于乐的目的。如影视中心制作的科普动画片《气象百问》，就是一部以故事引导的方式，讲述一个个气象知识点的百集系列气象科普动画片。片中设计了一个童话的森林村，以小灵狐为中心的众多拟人动物，在日常生活中遇到气象问题，在燕博士引导下学到了许多生活中的气象基础知识。没有众多的说教，更多的是拟人小动物的生活趣事，充满着童趣和欢乐。有着这样的氛围，小朋友们就自然会爱看，自然地接受并理解片中传递的科普知识。

1．2增强易受性

气象科普长期存在着“传而不通”的问题，主要原因就是传播者忽视了受众的易受性问题。对于不具备丰富科学知识的普通受众来说，气象科普传播内容又专业、又抽象，不易理解。如今，动画应用到气象科普片中，能将复杂抽象的气象科普知识转化为具体动态的视觉艺术形象，加上生动有趣的故事，浅显易懂的讲解，普通受众易接受。再以《气象百问》为例，《什么是黄梅天?》里讲到黄梅天的形成：“在这里，冷、暖空气两个势力旗鼓相当，短兵相接，战场就摆在江淮地区，导致这个地区雨水不断，个把月都见不到好天气。”，相应的画面是一蓝一黄两个卡通气团，在江淮上空打架，打得难解难分，雨就在这个地区一直下着，这样的动画就形象地说明了黄梅天形成的原因。由此可见将抽象的气象因素 (如冷、暖空气 ，看不见摸不着 )拟人化，成为具象的形象，配以个性化的动作，就能起到很好的表现效果。

2 制作气象科普动画片的要求

动画对气象科普传播效果的影响毋庸置疑，但是如何将其做到真正寓教于乐、传播得力，还存在一些必须注意的问题：

2．1选题

选择成熟、正确的“真科学”，以避免知识性的差错。创作气象科普动画时，选题的范同是很广泛的，往往并不局限于气象行业本身，但决不等于创作方在选择知识点时不受任何限制。相反，创作方必须选择成熟、正确的“真科学”，并应尽可能地选择自己熟悉且能够掌握的东西来创作。这样可以保证内容的科学性，避免知识出现差错。要与时俱进，结合现实生活，选择观众最关心的议题来创作。比如，面对举世瞩目的北京奥运会，基于国人对体育运动空前高涨的热情和对体育知识的迫切需求，笔者就策划了一档以体育气象为题材的气象科普动画片《风云奇队》，讲述体育运动项目中，气象对体育技巧和成绩的影响。这些知识点是一般的体育媒体无法给予的，如自行车项目的领骑战术和雁行阵，都是因为风的影响才采取的；再如铁饼项目中，逆风更能出好成绩、射箭项目的风中纠偏等等知识点，都是有意思的，能对观众体育知识形成有益的补充。

2．2知识点的引入、讲解

2,2．1紧紧围绕知识点，构架故事情节，应当避免故事与知识点“两张皮”现象。在国产科普动画片中，《咪姆》是部比较有名的科普片，可惜的就是存在严重的两张皮现象，故事仅仅起到引人知识点的作用，而在知识点讲解时就采用大段毫无想象力的解说，难怪许多孩子看到知识点讲解时就要换频道了。科普动画片中，科普知识是核心，是灵魂，故事情节是骨架、是血肉。两者必须达到有机结合，高度统一。气象科普动画也不例外，动画是为气象科普知识服务的，动画不能为动画而动画，必须围绕知识点来展开故事情节，每一个情节都是为知识点服务的，要么反映知识点分解后的一个方面，要么起到知识讲解的阶段铺垫作用。脱离知识点为中心的气象科普动画是“美则美矣，毫无灵魂”。

2．2．2知识点讲解的画面表现应当生动形象，丰富多彩，充满想像力。毕竟，许多气象现象的表现、气象知识的原理都比较抽象。如果还只是采用旁白解说、人物对话等“语言性”占主导的表现方式，就不能发挥动画的形象表现力．更无法达到气象科普的传播效果。气象科普动画要充分发挥动画手段的灵活性、表现力，对气象知识点进行讲解。如《风云奇队》片中讲降雨对弓弦的影响时，就把雨水分解为众多细小的卡通小水滴，这些活泼的小水滴蹦跳地进入弓弦材质的细孔处，使弓弦膨胀，变长，这样的讲解就比单纯地用雨水打湿弓弦的画面有趣。

2．2．3知识点的语言应当做到准确、简洁、通俗、生动。时于科普作品来说，只有语言准确，才能够保证科普内容的科学性；只有精炼简洁、清晰明确的解释，才能避免观众的注意力分散；只有深入浅出、通俗易懂的语言，才能保证传播的通畅；只有生动活泼、幽默风趣的风格，才能增强知识点的形象性、趣味性和艺术性，使气象科普动画作品更有吸引力。

2．3创作队伍的素质要求

气象科普动画的专业性要求创作队伍不但要具有过硬的动画创作技能，还必须深入了解创作中的气象科普知识。在此前提下，方能保证前期策划做出合适的选题、提案，撰写出合格的剧本，后期制作出恰如其分的动画表现。让气象科普动画更加准确、精彩 !

借用动画载体，气象科普焕新生。开发气象科普动画片，在广大观众特别是青少年中普及气象科普知识，是气象影视服务大众的又一重要手段。探索气象科普动画片的发展方向，是气象影视工作者开拓创新，紧跟现代影视发展的具体体现。气象科普动画片的制作，填补了我国气象科普动画系列片的空白，为实施我国“科教兴国”的宏伟战略做出有益的尝试。

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