杉木单板染色预处理优化及应用研究

摘要：近年来，为缓解我国木材供需紧张的矛盾，越来越多的人倾向于资源的充分利用及优化处理。材料科学木材是四大建筑材料（木材、水泥、钢铁、塑料）中唯一一种可再生，可持续利用的材料，具有美观，易加工，加工能耗比低等优点，木材科学作为材料科学领域中的重要分支，在国民经济发展中发挥重要作用。目前国内森林资源面临枯竭，用于装饰和家具类的名贵木材都依靠进口，对外依赖性高^[1]。所以我国通过种植大量人工林保护天然林以缓解国内木材供需紧张，其中杉木作为我国南方重要的速生用材树种，蓄积量充足，质量轻，价格低廉，抗蛀，耐腐等优点，广泛应用于商业。但因为杉木材质松软，纹理单调模糊，色泽暗淡凝滞，色差明显装饰性差导致其在市场上应用受到极大局限。为了实现杉木资源高效利用，研究最优预处理条件成为大势所趋，将杉木试材放置在不同浓度热水、乙酸、乙酯、氢氧化钠四种不同试剂中处理不同时间，比较处理前后的质量及色度值，得出杉木最优预处理条件。

关键词：预处理；染色；杉木；单板

Optimization of fir veneer pretreatment process

ABSTRACT

In recent years, in order to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of wood in China, more and more people tend to make full use of resources and optimize the treatment.Material science wood is the only renewable and sustainable material among the four major building materials (wood, cement, steel and plastic). Wood science, as an important branch in the field of material science, plays an important role in the development of national economy. At present, the domestic forest resources are facing exhaustion, and the precious wood used for decoration and furniture is dependent on import, and the foreign dependence is high. Therefore, China planted a large number of artificial forests to protect natural forests to alleviate the shortage of domestic wood supply and demand. Chinese fir, as an important fast-growing timber species in south China, has been widely used in commerce due to its abundant stock, light quality, low price, anti-moth, anti-rot and other advantages. But because Chinese fir material is qualitative soft, grain is drab and fuzzy, colour and lustre is dim and stagnant, chromatism is apparent adornment sex is bad, cause its application on the market is gotten great limitation.In order to realize the efficient utilization of Chinese fir resources, it has become a general trend to study the optimal pretreatment conditions. Chinese fir test materials were placed in four reagents of different concentrations of hot water, acetic acid, ethyl ester and sodium hydroxide for different treatment times, and the quality and color values before and after treatment were compared to obtain the optimal pretreatment conditions of Chinese fir.

Key words：pretreatment; dyeing; Chinese fir; veneer

1 引言

渗透是染色的前提，染色前对木材进行预处理是改善其渗透性及提高染色性能的重要方法。染色处理是提高速生材物理力学强度和装饰性能的有效手段.为了提高染料在木材的渗透性，国内外专家学者对木材渗透性进行大量研究，认为对木材进行各种预处理，如机械处理、微波处理、水热处理、化学药剂处理、酶和微生物等处理能够显著提高木材渗透性^[2]。渗透性是木材染色效果的关键，染料在针叶材和阔叶材中横向渗透路径相似，都要经过纹孔。然而在针叶材中，染料在纵向渗透主要是通过相互串联的管胞，管胞上的纹孔以及纹孔膜上的微孔进行，管胞两端没有穿孔，染料从-一个管胞流经另一个管胞也必须经过纹孔，阔叶材导管之间可以通过梯状穿孔连接^[3]。而且阔叶材导管直径比针叶材管胞直径大，所以针叶材比阔叶材难染色^[4]。
2 国内外研究现状