摘 要

美丽乡村建设如火如荼，乡村旅游近年来日益火爆，乡村建设开发中，对天然湿地利用问题突出，具体表现在缺乏科学性、合理性、规范性。良好的湿地景观规划设计，既可以提升乡村旅游质量也可以充分发挥湿地的生态效益，调节一定范围的小气候，湿地景观设计的目标是在开发湿地的经济效益时兼顾生态效益。原则是:满足生态功能、以美丽乡村为目标、满足旅游功能、营造乡村意象、追求自然美学、体现科普宣教价值。方式包括功能布局方式，水体、道路设计形式，植物搭配方式等。

关键词：生态景观；乡村湿地景观；乡村旅游；

Abstract

The construction of beautiful countryside is in full swing, and rural tourism has become increasingly popular in recent years. In the development of rural construction, the problem of the use of natural wetlands is prominent, which is manifested in the lack of scientificity, rationality, and standardization. Good wetland landscape planning and design can not only improve the quality of rural tourism, but also give full play to the ecological benefits of wetlands and regulate a certain range of microclimates. The goal of wetland landscape design is to take ecological benefits into account when developing economic benefits of wetlands. The principles are: meet ecological functions, target beautiful countryside, meet tourism functions, create rural imagery, pursue natural aesthetics, and reflect the value of popular science missions. Methods include functional layout methods, water bodies, road design forms, and plant matching methods.

Key words：Ecological landscape; rural wetland landscape; rural tourism;

引言

美丽乡村的建设如火如荼，在乡村开发中，对自然湿地的保护开发，人工湿地的规划缺乏合理性，科学性，以及规范化的设计。乡村景观的建设整体质量不高。湿地在补充地下水，调节径流量、控制洪水，保留营养物质、防止海水水入侵，保持生物多样性等方面具有重要作用。湿地景观还在在乡村旅游中占有重要地位，不论是从整体的生态效益还是独特的景观风貌，均对日益饱受噪音、空气污染的城市游客具有巨大的吸引力。本论文以乡村旅游项目中存在的自然湿地、稻田湿地和鱼塘湿地为研究对象，通过资料收集及案例分析总结出乡村旅游中湿地的景观设计目标、原则和方法。旨在提高设计者对乡村旅游中湿地的重视程度，探索一种合理的、能充分体现乡村景观意象的乡村旅游湿地景观规划设计的方法，同时也希望为中国的“美丽乡村”建设提供规划设计思路。

一 、国内外乡村湿地景观设计发展状况