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英文原文：

Kenneth Frampton

Prospects for a Critical Regionalism

Luia Barregan, Lae Arboledes,

pound;brspecta/ 7/rsaquo;e Ta/e Architectural Journal, Voluma 20 00y9-0s5e/83/20147-01653.00/0

V 1983 by Perepecta: The Yale Architectural Journal. Inc., and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Kenneth Frampton

Paul Ricoeur, “Universal Civilization end National Cultures“, ff/srory anlsaquo;f Truth (Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1961) pp. 276, 283.

The phenomenon of universalization, while being an advancement of mankind, at the same time constitutes a sort of subtle destruction, not only of traditional cultures, which might not be an irreparable wrong, but also of what I shall call for the time being the creative nucleus of great civilizations and great cultures, that nu-cleus on the basis of which we interpret life, what I shall cat in advance the ethical and mythical nucleus of mankind. The conflict springs up from there. We have

the feeling that this single world civilization at the same time exerts a sort of attrition or wea ring away at the expense of

the cultural resources which have made

the great civilizations of the past. This

threat is expressed, among other disturb- ing effects, by the spreading before our eyes of a mediocre civilization which is the absurd counterpart of what I was just calling elementary culture. Everywhere throughout the world, one finds the same bad movie, the same slot machines, the same plastic or aluminum atrocities, the same twisting of language by propa-ganda, etc. It seems as if mankind, by ap- proaching en masse a basic consumer

cu lture, were also stopped en masse at a subcultural level. Thus we come to the crucial problem confronting nations just rising from underdevelopment. In order to get on to the road toward modernization, is it necessary to jettison the old cul-

The term critical regionalism is not in- tended to denote the vernacular, as this was once spontaneously produced by the combined interaction of climate, cuIture, myth and craft, but rather to identify

those recent regional 'schools' whose

aim has been to represent and serve, in a critical sense, the limited constituencies in which they are grounded. Such a region- alism depends, by definition, on a con- nection between the political conscious- ness of a society and the profession.

Among the pre-conditions for the emer- gence of critical regional expression is not only sufficient prosperity but also a

strong desire for realising an identity. One of the mainsprings of regionalist culture

is an anti-centrist sentiment — an aspira- tion for some kind of cultural, economic and political independence.

-tural past which has been the raison drsquo;eacute;tre of a nation? . . . Whence the paradox: on the one hand, it has to root itself in the

soil of its past, forge a national spirit, and unfurl this spiritual and cultural revindica- tion before the colonialistrsquo;s personality.

But in order to take part in modern civi- lization, it is necessary at the same time

to take part in scientific, technical, and po- litical rationality, something which very often requires the pure and simple aban- don of a whole cultural past. It is a fact: every culture cannot sustain and absorb the shock of modern civilization. There is the paradox: how to become modern and to return to sources; how to revive an old, dormant civilization and take part in uni- versal civilization.

No one can say what will become of our civilization when it has really met dif-

ferent civilizations by means other than the shock of conquest and domination. But we have to admit that this encounter has not yet taken place at the level of an authentic dialogue. That is why we are in a kind of luII or interregnum in which we can no longer practice the dogmatism of

a single truth and in which we are not yet capable of conquering the skepticism into which we have stepped. We are in a tun- nel, at the twilight of dogmatism and the dawn of real dialogues.

Paul Picoeur

The philosopher Paul Ricoeur has ad- vanced the thesis that a hybrid “world culture' will only come into being through a cross-fertilization between rooted co/rare on the one hand and uni- versal civilization on the other. This para- doxical proposition, that regional culture must also be a form of world culture, is predicated on the notion that develop-

ment in se will, of necessity, transform the basis of rooted culture. In his essay 'Uni- versal Civilization and National Cultures' of 1961, Ricoeur implied that everything will depend in the last analysis on the capacity of regional culture to recreate a rooted tradition while appropriating foreign influences at the level of both culture and civilization. Such a process of cross- fertilization and reinterpretation is impure by definition. This much is at once evi-

Kenneth Frampton

149

3

Abraham Moles, “The Three Cities', directions in Art, Theory and Aespound;7rsaquo;epound;ics, ed. Anthony Hill tLondon: Faber and Faber. Limited, 19681. p. 191.

Jan Mukaiovsky, Structure, Sign and function {New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970), p. 228. Perhaps I am overstating the case. However, Mukarovsky writes: 'The artistic sign, unlike th

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