论文总字数：35500字

摘 要

BIM技术即“Building Information Modeling”,意为建筑信息模型。这一概念自提出至今已有将近二十年的时间，在这些年里，随着BIM技术在我国的日益发展和应用推广，出现了一些运用BIM技术并取得成功的标志性建筑项目，使得BIM技术的应用价值逐渐得到建筑行业和市场的认可。

自改革开放以来，我国城镇化水平不断提高，时至今日各个城市里都已经建立起了大量的建筑。但科技的进步与发展的同时，部分建造年代较早的建筑已经不能满足使用需求和安全性能上的要求。对这些既有建筑实施合理的加固改造再利用而非直接推倒重建，可以更加经济、环保、有效地更新城市。而目前我国对既有建筑实行改造加固的规模较小，改造工程内容繁杂且涉及领域多，难以进行科学地管理控制。将BIM技术应用于既有建筑的加固改造工程项目中，可以建立既有建筑的参数化模型，实现改造项目的鉴定检测、设计、施工以及运维全阶段的信息管理，增加改造项目的工程效率和投资效益，对改善目前既有建筑改造现状有着极大的推动作用。本课题将BIM技术在改造加固工程的应用作为主要研究对象，分为以下部分：

1. 对国内外既有建筑的加固改造行业的现状进行对比分析，总结出我国现在加固改造工程中的问题以及所需要提升改进之处。根据BIM技术的特点，针对工程中的影响因素，分析BIM技术在工程各阶段的应用需求以及对工程效率产生的效果，编制在工程项目各阶段内相应的应用策略和实施方法。
2. 掌握对BIM技术相关专业软件的运用。借助Autodesk Revit为应用BIM技术的平台，采用YJK软件的开放接口平台进行不同软件间物理模型与结构模型的相互转换，实现建模软件与结构分析软件间的数据交换。在Revit中根据常用加固工法创建加固族，以对模型进行加固方案的模拟。
3. 基于制定的应用方案对案例项目进行实证研究分析，验证所制定的BIM技术改造加固应用策略的合理性和可行性。本课题以某小学教学楼部分的加固项目为背景，将BIM技术运用到其加固改造设计中，实现信息交互和共享，并为后续施工工作提供依据。

最后，通过对课题进行学习和研究的过程，总结实践中遇到的困难和得到的成果，并结合对于BIM技术的认识，对BIM技术的未来应用趋势做出展望。

关键词：建筑信息模型；Autodesk Revit；结构加固设计；信息管理；实证研究

Abstract

BIM means Building Information Modeling. From this concept has been proposed to today for almost twenty years, with the growing popularity of the BIM in our country during these years, a number of successful application of BIM technology projects, making the value of BIM technology gradually recognized in the construction industry and market.

Since the reform and opening up policy has been put forward, the urbanization of our country keeps improving continuously, quantities of buildings have been built in various cities. However, with the progress and development of science and technology, some buildings which built in the earlier years can hardly meet the requirements of utility and safety any more. To make the city grow more economic, environmental friendly and effective, one suitable method of urban renewal is to renovate instead of rebuild the existing buildings. The existing buildings in our country are transformed only on a small scale at present, while the dismantled and rebuilt buildings are large in volume. One of the main reasons is that the reformation work is complex and involves many different fields, which makes it difficult to manage scientifically. Combining BIM technology with the management of renovation and reinforcement of existing buildings, can achieve whole-period coordinated management, from the Identification phase to the operation and maintenance phase, and increase the construction efficiency and investment benefit of the projects, by establishing the information model. Therefore, it will greatly promote the improvement of the present situation of the transformation industry. The topic is based on BIM technology application in the transformation project as the main research object, the content of the research can be summarized as the following:

1. Comparing the present situation of the reinforcement and renovation of existing buildings at home with aboard, analyzing and summing up the problems which need to be improved in our country. According to the traits of BIM technology and the influence factors of projects, analyzing the application requirements in various stages and the effect on the work efficiency, and then formulating corresponding strategies and implementation methods in each phase.
2. Learning to master the software related to BIM technology. Taking the Autodesk Revit as the platform for applying BIM technology. The open interface of YJK is used to transfer the structural model between different software, helping accomplish the data exchange between modeling software and structural analysis software. Creating the usual reinforcement structural component ‘family templates’ in Autodesk Revit in order to stimulate the designed reinforcement scheme.
3. Based on the plan above, the paper carries out the case study to verify the rationality and feasibility of the application strategy. This topic takes a strengthening project of a teaching building in a primary school as the background, applies the BIM technology to the process of reinforcement and reconstruction design, to implement the interaction and sharing of information and provide reference for the subsequent construction work.

Finally, summarizing the difficulties and positive results in the studying and practicing process, and expecting its development trend in the future in accordance with the knowledge and understanding of BIM technology.

Keywords: Building Information Modeling, Autodesk Revit, Structural reinforcement design, Information management, Demonstration

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.1.1 既有建筑的改造发展 1

1.1.2 BIM技术的政策背景 1

1.2 既有建筑的结构加固现状 2

1.2.1常用的既有建筑加固方式 2

1.2.2 既有建筑结构加固研究现状分析 6

1.2.3既有建筑结构加固中存在的问题 7

1.3 研究目的与意义 8

1.4 研究内容与流程 8

第二章 基于BIM的加固改造原理研究 10

2.1 BIM技术概述 10

2.1.1 BIM技术的定义 10

2.1.2 BIM技术的特点与优势 10

2.2国内外BIM技术应用发展现状 11

2.2.1 BIM技术在国外发展现状 11

2.2.2 BIM技术在国内的发展现状 12

2.3基于BIM的既有建筑的加固改造基本原理 13

第三章 BIM技术在既有建筑的结构加固中的应用研究 15

3.1 BIM技术在既有建筑加固改造工程中的需求性分析 15

3.2 BIM技术在既有建筑加固改造检测鉴定阶段的应用 16

3.3 BIM技术在既有建筑加固改造设计阶段的应用 18

3.4 BIM技术在既有建筑加固改造施工阶段的应用 20

3.5 BIM技术在既有建筑加固改造后运营维护阶段的应用 20

第四章 基于BIM技术的既有建筑加固设计研究 22

4.1 案例项目概况 22

4.2 基于BIM技术的加固设计研究 22

4.2.1 Revit模型建立 22

4.2.2 结构受力分析 25

4.2.3 加固方案设计研究 29

第五章 结论与展望 35

5.1 研究结论 35

5.2 BIM技术应用中的难点与问题 35

5.3 BIM技术的未来展望 36

谢辞 38

参考文献 39

第一章 绪论

• 1. 研究背景
     1. 既有建筑的改造发展

自推行改革开放政策以来，我国经济的持续快速发展和城市化进程经过这二十年的时间都取得了巨大的成果。相比开放前，全国各地各类房屋建筑、道路桥梁等城市化配套设施的数量都有了较大幅度的提高。据相关部门在2013年初前的调查统计结果显示，我国现有的各类房屋建筑的总面积大于500亿平方米，其中绝大部分是混凝土结构建筑，并且至少有半数已经投入使用了20年以上。

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