摘 要

近年来，能源短缺和环境污染问题日益突出，人们急需寻找可持续能源。热电冷却的工作原理独树一帜，与传统冷却途径对比有着显著的优点。热电器件内部构造紧凑、无运动部件、安静无杂音、制冷效果快捷迅速、电路通电可实现温度的连续精准调控、转换正负极即可改变制冷方向、环境友好等特点使其受到世界各行各业广泛的关注。

本论文首先总结了过去几十年热电技术国内外研究成果的基础上，建立了31对热电臂的热电制冷模块物理模型。赋予相应的热流密度以及冷热端换热系数约束，着重分析了热电模型内部的温度分布特征，之后分别以电流和电压作为自变量分析了对应冷热两侧温度分布特征。选取武汉市某一空调房间，建立房间环境的流动流动与传热湍流物理数学模型，基于数值模拟方法计算了房间内部气流速度场和温度场分布。基于上述结果，分析了热电模块应用于建筑室内制冷时的最佳电流电压运行工况，计算了该工况下的热电制冷量，房间所需热电模块的个数，探讨了考虑建筑室内的热电模块安装的形式。本文的研究结果为将来热电制冷模块代替室内传统空调制冷产品的可能性做出理论探索。

关键词：热电模块；制冷性能；流动传热；温度控制

Abstract

In recent years, the problem of energy shortage and environmental pollution has become more and more serious.The working principle of thermoelectric cooling is unique and has significant advantages compared with the traditional cooling approach. Thermoelectric devices are characterized by compact internal structure, no moving parts, quiet and noiseless, quick and rapid cooling effect, continuous and accurate control of temperature can be realized by electrifying the circuit, changing the direction of refrigeration by changing the positive and negative poles, and being environmentally friendly, which have attracted wide attention from all walks of life in the world.

Based on the research results of thermoelectric technology in the past decades, the physical model of thermoelectric refrigeration module for 31 pairs of thermoelectric arms is established.The corresponding heat flux and the heat transfer coefficient at the cold and hot ends are given constraints, and the temperature distribution characteristics inside the thermoelectric model are analyzed emphatically. Then the temperature distribution characteristics on both sides of the thermoelectric model are analyzed by taking the current and voltage as independent variables. The physical and mathematical model of flow, heat transfer and turbulence in an air-conditioned room in wuhan city was established, and the distribution of air flow velocity and temperature in the room was calculated based on the numerical simulation method.Based on the above results, this paper analyzes the optimal current and voltage operation condition of thermoelectric module when it is applied to building indoor refrigeration, calculates the thermoelectric cooling capacity under this condition and the number of thermoelectric modules needed in the room, and discusses the installation form of thermoelectric module considering building indoor refrigeration. The results of this paper make a theoretical exploration for the possibility of thermoelectric refrigeration module replacing indoor traditional air-conditioning refrigeration products in the future.

Keywords: thermoelectric module; Refrigeration performance; Flow heat transfer; The temperature control

主要符号表

目 录

摘要Ⅰ

主要符号表Ⅲ

第一章 绪论1

1.1研究背景与意义1

1.2热电制冷技术的国内外研究进展2

1.2.1热电材料的回顾与发展历程2

1.2.2国内外热电制冷研究现状7

1.2.3热电制冷在建筑上的应用7

1.3本文的研究内容7

第二章 热电制冷原理和数值模拟方法9

2.1热量传递9

2.1.1热传导9

2.1.2热对流9

2.1.3热辐射9

2.2热电模块基本原理9

2.3数值模拟方法12

2.3.1数值计算原理12

2.3.2数值计算步骤12

第三章 热电制冷的物理数学模型14

3.1热电制冷的数学模型14

3.2热电模块数值分析16

3.2.1工作电流的分析16

3.2.2工作电压的分析19

3.3小结21

第四章 房间空气流动与传热的分析22

4.1室内环境的数值分析现状22

4.2房间的模型建立23

4.2.1冷负荷估算23

4.2.2数值计算方程23

4.2.3边界条件的约束24

4.3数值计算结果分析25

4.3.1速度场的分析25

4.3.2温度场的分析30

4.4小结30

第五章 热电制冷对小空间室内环境温度的控制策略研究32

5.1电流、电压的选择32

5.2热电制冷模块应用33

5.3环境温度控制策略34

5.4小结35