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毕业论文网 > 毕业论文 > 土木建筑类 > 给排水科学与工程 > 正文

颗粒污泥与絮状污泥含水率对比试验研究毕业论文

 2021-03-17 21:02:10  

摘 要

随着我国经济发展,人口增长,污水处理量逐年增多,污泥量也随之增加。污泥中含有各种复杂的物质,不乏有重金属等有害物质,如何实现污泥的减量、稳定、无害化及资源化是污泥处理的目标。市政污泥是一种高含水率的物质,在处置污泥之前,首先需要进行脱水处理减少污泥体积。由于EPS的存在、表面电荷等原因,使得细胞内部结合水难以去除,对污泥进行预处理,破坏污泥结构,可以改善污泥脱水性能。

本实验主要通过对絮状污泥和颗粒污泥两种不同形态的污泥进行超声和微波预处理,破碎污泥絮体和微生物细胞的结构,将微生物细胞中的内部水和污泥颗粒间的表面吸附水和毛细水释放出来成为自由水,最终得以去除。通过超声预处理、微波预处理,得出污泥预处理后自由水含量的变化趋势和污泥湿重,从这两个方面分析污泥自由水和结合水含量变化,得出絮状污泥和颗粒污泥在超声预处理和微波预处理下的最佳工况条件,进而在最佳工况下比较絮状污泥和颗粒污泥的脱水效果差异。本实验结论如下:

(1)污泥量约为90mL,超声频率在20~25kHz,自动跟踪模式,功率320w时,超声波预处理5分钟,絮状污泥和颗粒污泥的脱水率最高;污泥自由水含量越低,超声预处理后脱水率越高。

(2)絮状污泥和颗粒污泥的自由水含量随微波预处理时间增加而先增后减。微波功率700w,污泥量约为90mL时,对絮状污泥来说,最佳微波预处理时间为90s,对于颗粒污泥而言,最佳微波预处理时间为120s;微波预处理最佳工况下,絮状污泥脱水率更高,效果更好。

关键词:絮状污泥,颗粒污泥,超声预处理,微波预处理,脱水

Abstract

With the development of Chinese economic and population growth, sewage treatment capacity has increased year by year, the amount of sludge also increased. Sludge contains a variety of complex substances, there is no shortage of heavy metals and other harmful substances, how to achieve the reduction, stability, harmless and resource recycling is the goal of sludge treatment. Municipal sludge is a kind of material with high water content, the first step should carry out dehydration treatment to reduce the sludge volume before the disposal of sludge. Due to the presence of EPS, surface charge and other reasons, it’s difficult to remove the intracellular water, pretreatment of sludge can destroy the sludge structure and improve the sludge dewatering performance.

In this experiment, the structure of the sludge and the microbial cells were broken down by ultrasonic and microwave pretreatment of flocculent sludge and granular sludge, then the contents of the internal water in the microbial cells , the adsorption water on the surface between the sludge particles and capillary water were released into free water, and ultimately to be removed. Though ultrasonic pretreatment and microwave pretreatment, we can get the trend of the free water content of the sludge after pretreatment and the wet weight of the sludge. From the two aspects, the change of the free water and the bound water content of the sludge can be analyzed, getting the optimal working conditions of the granular sludge and flocculent sludge under ultrasonic pretreatment and microwave pretreatment, and then compared the difference of dewatering effect between flocculent sludge and granular sludge under the optimum working conditions.

The conclusions of this experiment are as follows:

 (1) When the amount of sludge is about 30mL, ultrasonic frequency in the 20 ~ 25kHz, automatic tracking mode, power 320w, ultrasonic pretreatment for 5 minutes, the dewatering rate of flocculent sludge and granular sludge is the highest; the lower the free water content of sludge, the higher the dehydration rate after ultrasonic pretreatment.

(2) The free water content of flocculent sludge and granular sludge increased first and then decreased with the increase of microwave pretreatment time. When the microwave power is700w, the amount of sludge is about 90mL, the optimal microwave pretreatment time is 90s for the flocculation sludge, and for the granular sludge is 120s. Under the best condition of microwave pretreatment, the dewatering rate of flocculent sludge is higher and results is better.

Key Words: Flocculent sludge, Granular sludge, Ultrasonic pretreatment, Microwave pretreatment , Dewater

目 录

1 绪论 1

1.1 污泥的概念 1

1.2 污泥的分类 2

1.3 国外污泥处理处置现状 3

1.4 国内污泥处理现状 4

1.5 污泥脱水的影响因素 5

1.5.1 胞外聚合物(EPS) 6

1.5.2 粒径分布 7

1.5.3 表面电荷 7

1.6污泥的预处理方法 8

1.6.1 物理调节 8

1.6.1.1 超声波预处理 9

1.6.1.2 微波预处理 9

1.6.1.3 热处理 9

1.6.1.4 冷冻法 9

1.6.2 化学调节 9

1.6.2.1 无机混凝剂 10

1.6.2.2 有机高分子聚合电解质 10

1.6.2.3 微生物混凝剂 10

1.6.3 生物调节 10

1.7 污泥水分分布测试方法 11

1.7.1 热干燥法 11

1.7.2 压滤法 12

1.7.3 抽滤法 12

1.7.4 离心法 12

1.7.5 膨胀计法 13

1.7.6 示差扫描量热法(DSC) 13

1.7.7 热重-差热分析法(TGA-DTA) 13

1.8 快速水分测定仪 14

1.9论文背景与研究内容 14

2 实验材料与方法 16

2.1 污泥样品采集 16

2.1.1 污水厂絮状污泥的采集 16

2.1.2 颗粒污泥的采集 17

2.2 分析测试方法 18

2.2.1 实验设备与仪器 18

2.2.2 预处理方法 19

2.2.2.1 超声预处理 19

2.2.2.2 微波预处理 20

3 实验内容与分析 21

3.1 超声预处理对污泥含水率影响 21

3.1.1 絮状污泥 21

3.1.2 颗粒污泥 23

3.1.3 絮状污泥与颗粒污泥含水量对比 25

3.2 微波预处理对污泥含水率影响 26

3.2.1 絮状污泥 26

3.2.2 颗粒污泥 28

3.1.3 絮状污泥与颗粒污泥含水量对比 30

4 结论与展望 32

4.1 结论 32

4.2 展望 32

参考文献 34

致谢 37

1 绪论

1.1 污泥的概念

污泥的基本解释是水和污水处理过程中所产生的固体沉淀物质,其主要来自于污水处理厂中的初沉池、二沉池等工艺构筑物。污泥是污水处理后的产物,是一种由有机残片、细菌菌体、无机颗粒、胶体等组成的极其复杂的非均质体。污泥的一大特性就是含水率高,很难通过沉降进行固液分离,按照污泥含水率为90%计算,每万吨废水将产生10~20吨污泥,占地面积巨大。在污泥组成中,成分非常复杂,有机物的含量远高于无机成分,含有重金属、病原微生物、寄生虫卵和细菌等有害物质,如果不妥善处理,发生污水渗漏、臭气释放等情况,对土壤、地下水和空气会造成污染,加剧生态环境的恶化,甚至影响人类生存。近些年,随着我国经济和人口的不断增长,污水厂处理废水量不断增加,污泥产量也相应增加。据国家水利部统计,2013年,全国废水排放量695.4亿吨,比上年增加1.5%;2014年排放量715.6亿吨,比2013年增加2.9%[1.2]。大量的污泥亟待妥善处理,避免对环境造成二次污染。

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