摘 要

生物滤池对于污水处理非常高效，使它得到了广泛的推广使用。但是关于不同运行工况的生物滤池对污水的净化能力和环境对它的影响因子分析仍然缺少研究报道。为此，本文设计构建了两组不同的滤池，一组分为曝气与未曝气，另一组是曝气滤池与折流式水平流滤池的组合系统，通过自行模拟配置生活污水，并设定不同的水力负荷（0.18m³/(m²·d)、0.1m³/(m²·d)、0.05m³/(m²·d)）来探究运行工况的调整对曝气与未曝气垂直流滤池及组合滤池净化效能的影响。

研究结果表明，生物滤池对磷的降解去除主要受水温、水力负荷、溶解氧、有机物等的影响，说明滤池除磷主要是依靠微生物吸收降解。相比于普通未曝气滤池，间歇曝气垂直流滤池以及组合系统可以相对高效地提高总磷的去除效果。滤池的净化效能不仅与运行工况、处理原水组成密切相关，同时还受运行的环境条件（溶解氧、温度等）影响。因此，根据所需处理污水的成分组成，控制好滤池的温度和溶解氧以及适当的水力停留时间是提高滤池对生活污水除磷净化效果的关键。

关键词：曝气垂直流滤池；折流式水平流滤池；水力负荷；去除效率；组合系统

Abstract

Bio-filter is usually very efficient for wastewater treatment, so it has been widely used. However, there are still few studies on the purification capacity of bio-filter on domestic sewage treatment and its environmental impact factors under different operating conditions. To this end, this paper designed a set of aeration and non-aeration vertical flow filters, and a combination system consisting of an aeration vertical flow filter baffled horizontal flow filter. The impact of operating condition adjustment on treatment efficiency for aeration and non-aeration vertical flow filters, or combination system is explored after setting different hydraulic loads (0.18m³/(m²·d), 0.1m³/(m²·d), 0.05m³/(m²·d)). The treated water is synthetic domestic sewage.

The results show that the removal of phosphorus is mainly affected by water temperature, hydraulic load, dissolved oxygen and organic matters. The removal of phosphorus from the filter mainly depends on the absorption and degradation of microorganisms. Compared with traditional non-aeration filter, intermittent aeration vertical flow filter and the combination system can effectively improve the removal efficiency of total phosphorus. The purification efficiency of the filter is not only closely related to the operating conditions and the composition of the raw water, but also affected by the environmental conditions (dissolved oxygen, temperature, etc.). Therefore, according to the necessary composition of sewage treatment, appropriate control of temperature, dissolved oxygen and the hydraulic retention time is the key to improve the removal efficiency of phosphorus removal by filter.

Key words: Aeration vertical flow filter; baffled horizontal flow filter; hydraulic load; removal efficiency; combined system

目 录

第1章 文献综述 1

1.1 研究目的与意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.3 实验研究目标 2

1.4 本文研究内容 2

第2章 材料与方法 4

2.1 实验系统设计与构建 4

2.2 滤池运行及数据采集 5

2.3 数据分析 6

第3章 曝气与未曝气垂直流滤池除磷效果比较研究 7

3.1 曝气与未曝气条件下滤池进、出水理化特征比较 7

3.2 曝气与未曝气条件下滤池总磷去除效果比较 8

3.3 曝气与未曝气条件下滤池无机磷去除效果比较 12

3.4 垂直流生物滤池除磷效率与影响因素分析 15

第4章 组合滤池除磷效果研究 18

4.1 组合滤池进、出水理化特征比较 18

4.2 组合滤池对总磷的去除效果比较 19

4.3 组合滤池对无机磷的去除效果比较 22

4.4 组合生物滤池除磷效率与影响因素分析 25

第5章 结论 28

5.1 总结 28

5.2 展望 28

参考文献 29

致 谢 31

文献综述

1.1 研究目的与意义

我们知道，淡水资源紧缺的局面一直存在且不断扩大。工业革命以来，污水排放量成几何倍数增长，污染物质也成倍增加，对环境造成不可估量的毁坏。水污染每天都在我们身边发生，并且正在慢慢影响我们的日常饮用水安全，造成庞大的经济损失^[1]。

水体富营养化污染使我们所最为常见也熟知的一种水污染，主要是因为水体内氮磷元素含量过多导致。水体中磷元素的来源主要有：①农田农业排水。②雨水。③城市污水。④其它来源^[2]。